This thesis aims at the conservation and regeneration (or renovation) of old industrial building. According to theoretical guidance and many example case studies to conclude the relative design and reform possibilities on the basis of systematic analysis, the summary of the overview of the development at home and abroad and intrinsic motivation in China. Then summarizes the targeted strategy and design method of reusing and reforming old industrial building. Finally, make a proposal for Nanjing Chenguang 1865 Science-Technology and Creativity Industrial Park by using the transformation strategy and the proposed design method. To achieve a goal that former industrial heritage area can be regenerated into a neighbourhood community suitable for both the young generation and the old to live in. So the thesis is trying to answer the following questions in a broad and general way: Why is the conservation and regeneration of industrial heritage building so important around the world nowadays? What are the opportunities to make full use of these old special structure architectures in a sustainable way? Which methods does China apply to protect and reuse of old industrial heritage buildings? Which principles can be used in neighbourhood design? How has the living space for households developed in China? Which principles can be used in neighbourhood design? The research question of the whole thesis is: How to change Nanjing Chenguang 1865 Science-Technology and Creativity Industrial Park into a neighbourhood suitable for living? In order to answer these questions, some theoretical documents will be used. From three aspects: Aesthetic: to keep and reuse typical characteristics of industrial heritage building; Economic: to transform old buildings; Functional: to create livable neibourhood community. Firstly the necessity of industrial heritage protection will be stated, after that is conservation and regeneration measures including the transformation strategy and principles. Neighbourhood development is also an important theoretical part, using theoretical support like Carmona’s book. Neighbourhood community is the envisioned functional attribute of the design industrial heritage area after transformation. Whether the chosen site can be regenerated into neighbourhood community successfully depends on it. However, this study will also draw lessons from some successful cases. For instance, Beijing 798 Art Zone; Gasometers, Vienna, Austria; Tianjin Glass factory, etc. Along with the analysis and investigation of the selected design area. Therefore, as a process in urban renewal, the conservation and reuse of old buildings get more and more attention by the world. In China, the large population base; the difficulty of employment; the gap between the rich and the poor caused by economic development; the aged tendency of population... These problems caused a lot of troubles, such as poor living situation, bad neighborhood development, rising house price... So how to mix and match the regeneration of old abandoned industrial building (or area) and residential area organically together will be an interesting and worth further exploring subject.