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Measurement of Rank and Other Properties of Direct and Scattered Signals
Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences.
Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6643-312X
2016 (English)In: International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, ISSN 1687-5869, E-ISSN 1687-5877, Vol. 2016, article id 5483547Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We have designed an experiment for low-cost indoor measurements of rank and other properties of direct and scattered signals with radar interference suppression in mind. The signal rank is important also in many other applications, for example, DOA (Direction of Arrival) estimation, estimation of the number of and location of transmitters in electronic warfare, and increasing the capacity in wireless communications. In real radar applications, such measurements can be very expensive, for example, involving airborne radars with array antennas. We have performed the measurements in an anechoic chamber with several transmitters, a receiving array antenna, and a moving reflector. Our experiment takes several aspects into account: transmitted signals with different correlation, decorrelation of the signals during the acquisition interval, covariance matrix estimation, noise eigenvalue spread, calibration, near-field compensation, scattering in a rough surface, and good control of the influencing factors. With our measurements we have observed rank, DOA spectrum, and eigenpatterns of direct and scattered signals. The agreement of our measured properties with theoretic and simulated results in the literature shows that our experiment is realistic and sound. The detailed description of our experiment could serve as help for conducting other well-controlled experiments. © Copyright 2016 Svante Björklund et al.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2016. Vol. 2016, article id 5483547
Keywords [en]
Antenna arrays, Antennas, Covariance matrix, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Electronic warfare, Interference suppression, Radar, Radar measurement, Signal processing, Transmitters, Wireless telecommunication systems, Controlled experiment, Covariance matrix estimation, DOA (direction of arrival) estimations, Indoor measurement, Location of transmitters, Measured properties, Radar applications, Wireless communications, Direction of arrival
National Category
Communication Systems Signal Processing Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:bth-13495DOI: 10.1155/2016/5483547ISI: 000386827700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84994314235OAI: oai:DiVA.org:bth-13495DiVA, id: diva2:1049323
Funder
Knowledge FoundationA multiscale, cross‐disciplinary approach to the study of climate change effect on ecosystem services and biodiversity
Note

open access

Funders: Swedish Armed Forces   Swedish Defence Materiel Administration

Available from: 2016-11-24 Created: 2016-11-23 Last updated: 2017-11-29Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Signal Processing for Radar with Array Antennas and for Radar with Micro-Doppler Measurements
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Signal Processing for Radar with Array Antennas and for Radar with Micro-Doppler Measurements
2017 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Radar (RAdio Detection And Ranging) uses radio waves to detect the presence of a target and measure its position and other properties. This sensor has found many civilian and military applications due to advantages such as possible large surveillance areas and operation day and night and in all weather. The contributions of this thesis are within applied signal processing for radar in two somewhat separate research areas: 1) radar with array antennas and 2) radar with micro-Doppler measurements.

Radar with array antennas: An array antenna consists of several small antennas in the same space as a single large antenna. Compared to a traditional single-antenna radar, an array antenna radar gives higher flexibility, higher capacity, several radar functions simultaneously and increased reliability, and makes new types of signal processing possible which give new functions and higher performance.

The contributions on array antenna radar in this thesis are in three different problem areas. The first is High Resolution DOA (Direction Of Arrival) Estimation (HRDE) as applied to radar and using real measurement data. HRDE is useful in several applications, including radar applications, to give new functions and improve the performance. The second problem area is suppression of interference (clutter, direct path jamming and scattered jamming) which often is necessary in order to detect and localize the target. The thesis presents various results on interference signal properties, antenna geometry and subarray design, and on interference suppression methods. The third problem area is measurement techniques for which the thesis suggests two measurement designs, one for radar-like measurements and one for scattered signal measurements.

Radar with micro-Doppler measurements: There is an increasing interest and need for safety, security and military surveillance at short distances. Tasks include detecting targets, such as humans, animals, cars, boats, small aircraft and consumer drones; classifying the target type and target activity; distinguishing between target individuals; and also predicting target intention. An approach is to employ micro-Doppler radar to perform these tasks. Micro-Doppler is created by the movement of internal parts of the target, like arms and legs of humans and animals, wheels of cars and rotors of drones.

Using micro-Doppler, this thesis presents results on feature extraction for classification; on classification of targets types (humans, animals and man-made objects) and human gaits; and on information in micro-Doppler signatures for re-identification of the same human individual. It also demonstrates the ability to use different kinds of radars for micro-Doppler measurements. The main conclusion about micro-Doppler radar is that it should be possible to use for safety, security and military surveillance applications.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Karlskrona: Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 2017. p. 180
Series
Blekinge Institute of Technology Doctoral Dissertation Series, ISSN 1653-2090 ; 2
Keywords
radar, signal processing, array antenna, subarray, clutter, jamming, interference, direction of arrival estimation, security, micro-Doppler, feature extraction, classification
National Category
Signal Processing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:bth-13639 (URN)978-91-7295-335-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2017-03-31, Karlskrona, 00:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2017-01-16 Created: 2016-12-18 Last updated: 2017-03-08Bibliographically approved

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Björklund, SvantePettersson, Mats

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