Planned maintenance
A system upgrade is planned for 10/12-2024, at 12:00-13:00. During this time DiVA will be unavailable.
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
BBC05 with non-integer exponent and ambiguities in Nakajima yield surface calibration
Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering. Volvo Cars, Department 81110 Strategy & Concept, SWE.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6526-976x
Tech Univ Cluj Napoca, ROU.
Volvo Cars, Department 81110 Strategy & Concept, SWE.
2021 (English)In: International Journal of Material Forming, ISSN 1960-6206, E-ISSN 1960-6214, Vol. 14, no 4, p. 577-592Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Reliable sheet metal forming simulations depend on accurate descriptions of real process conditions. These conditions include material behavior, lubrication systems, tool deformations, press dynamics, and more. Research on material models is the most mature area for describing these conditions in a reliable way. Several advanced and flexible models exists. This study focuses on two versions of yield criteria for sheet materials that are assumed to follow the plane stress assumption: the BBC05 model with integer exponent and the BBC05 model with non-integer exponent. The literature has previously described the BBC05 model with integer exponent. This paper elaborates on a modified version with non-integer exponent that offers more flexibility in the mathematical description. Furthermore, it outlines the implementation of this material model and similar yield criteria as user subroutines in finite element software. As mathematical flexibility increases, it enables more physically correct material approximations. However, it also becomes more challenging to calibrate because of ambiguities due to a larger number of mathematical variables. These ambiguities is demonstrated by using a Nakajima test without lubrication during inverse modeling of parameters for the BBC05 model. It shows that it is impossible to accurately identify the physically correct combination of friction coefficient and the yield surface exponent, k, using strain distributions and punch force. It is suggested to use two Nakajima tests in the inverse modeling process where friction can be neglected due to testing conforming to ISO12004-2. One test that corresponds to equi-biaxial strain of the sheet, and one that corresponds to plane strain in the transverse direction of the sheet. By utilizing these samples in the inverse modeling it is possible to separate friction from the exponent k. A non-integer value of k is found to yield the most reliable prediction of strains and forces in the simulations, thereby also demonstrating the need of flexible yield surface models such as BBC05 with non-integer exponent, YLD2000, Vegter and more advanced yield criteria.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SPRINGER FRANCE , 2021. Vol. 14, no 4, p. 577-592
Keywords [en]
Sheet metal forming, Yield criteria, Non-integer exponent, Yield surface calibration, Friction, Inverse Modelling
National Category
Tribology (Interacting Surfaces including Friction, Lubrication and Wear) Other Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:bth-19330DOI: 10.1007/s12289-020-01545-0ISI: 000518077200001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85081629634OAI: oai:DiVA.org:bth-19330DiVA, id: diva2:1415611
Projects
Reduced Lead Time through Advanced Die Structure Analysis
Funder
Vinnova, 2016-03324
Note

open access

Available from: 2020-03-19 Created: 2020-03-19 Last updated: 2021-11-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Towards Virtual Tryout and Digital Twins: Enhanced Modeling of Elastic Dies, Sheet Materials, and Friction in Sheet Metal Forming
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Towards Virtual Tryout and Digital Twins: Enhanced Modeling of Elastic Dies, Sheet Materials, and Friction in Sheet Metal Forming
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Competition and complexity in the global car market are continuously increasing. To gain an edge in the market while making a profit, each competitor in the market needs a strong focus on technology development. Such a focus will increase the value of the product for the customers. On top of the challenges of developing the technical content of the cars, it is equally important to develop the manufacturing processes. This will enable the production of technically advanced and attractive products at a competitive cost.

An important manufacturing process within the automotive industry, and the focus of this PhD thesis, is sheet metal forming (SMF). The SMF process has been simulated for the past few decades with finite element (FE) simulations, whereby factors such as shape, strains, thickness, springback, risk of failure, and wrinkles can be predicted. A factor that most SMF simulations do not currently include is die and press elasticity, limiting the reliability of SMF simulations for virtual die tryout and digital twins. This factor is instead handled manually during the die tryout, which is time-consuming and expensive.

The importance of accurately representing press and die elasticity in SMF simulations is the focus of this research project. The objective is to achieve virtual tryout and production support through SMF simulations that consider elastic die and press deformations. Accurate simulations of die tryout, or dies in running production, are found to be impossible without the inclusion of reliable representations of elastic dies and presses.

Accurate CAD models of stamping dies are common. Strategies are presented for how to include them in SMF simulations models that are easy to set up and fast to solve. Full representations of presses are rarer. Methods for measuring and inverse modeling the elasticity of presses are therefore presented together with an overview from the literature of other methods. A unified method that is reliable and cost-efficient for the stamping industry is of high interest.

SMF simulations with elastic dies will only yield accurate predictions if reliable models of sheet materials and lubrication systems are included. Friction in particular is highly dependent on die deformations since contact pressure is an important parameter in determining the friction level. Reliable models for both friction and sheet materials are dependent on accurate experimental data and characterization methods.

Including elastic die and press deformations in SMF simulations, together with reliable representations of friction and sheet materials, has immense potential to reduce the lead time of stamping dies. The simulation methods that include elasticity will also be vital for more accurate digital twins of press lines.

Abstract [sv]

Konkurrens och komplexitet ökar ständigt inom den globala bilmarknaden. För att skapa konkurrensfördelar behöver företag som verkar på marknaden fokusera på teknikutveckling, vilket i sin tur ökar produkternas värde för konsumenterna. Samtidigt som man utvecklar det tekniska innehållet i sina produkter så är det lika viktigt att utveckla sina tillverkningsprocesser. Välutvecklade tillverkningsprocesser möjliggör produktion av tekniskt avancerade, och attraktiva produkter, till en konkurrenskraftig kostnad.

En viktig process, som denna avhandling fokuserar på, är pressning av plåt. Plåtformningsprocessen simuleras sedan ett par decennium tillbaka med Finita Element (FE) simuleringar. Man kan på så sätt prediktera form, töjningar, tjocklek, återfjädring, rynkor, risk för försträckning och sprickor m.m. En faktor som för tillfället inte inkluderas i näst intill alla plåtformningssimuleringar är elastiska press- och verktygsdeformationer. Detta begränsar möjligheterna att använda plåtformningssimulering för virtuell inprovning och att skapa pålitliga digitala tvillingar. Elastiska deformationer hanteras istället manuellt under, den oftast långa och dyra, inprovningsfasen.

Detta projekt visar på vikten av att inkludera press- och verktygsdeformationer genom simuleringar av verkliga pressverktyg. I de simulerade fallen är det inte möjligt att uppnå bra resultat för inprovning och produktionssupport utan att inkludera verktygsdeformationer i modellen.

CAD-modeller finns för nästan alla pressverktyg idag. Strategier för att inkludera elastiska verktygsgeometrier i simuleringar presenteras. Modellerna är enkla att skapa och snabba att lösa. Kompletta CAD-modeller av pressar är inte lika vanligt. Metoder för att mäta upp pressar och inkludera i simuleringar är därför också presenterade, tillsammans med exempel på andra metoder från vetenskaplig litteratur. En standardiserad metod för plåtformningsindustrin är av intresse.

Simuleringar med elastiska verktyg ger endast pålitliga resultat om plåt och friktion representeras på ett bra sätt. Speciellt friktion är starkt beroende av verktygsdeformationer då kontakttryck är en viktig faktor i friktionsmodeller. Material- och friktionsmodeller vilar på väl fungerande metoder för karaktärisering utifrån god experimentell data.

Plåtformningssimuleringar med elastiska verktyg, tillsammans med pålitliga modeller av plåtmaterial och friktionssystem, har en stor potential att reducera ledtiden för pressverktyg. Dessa metoder kommer också att vara viktiga i skapandet av digitala tvillingar av verktyg och pressar.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Karlskrona: Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 2020
Series
Blekinge Institute of Technology Doctoral Dissertation Series, ISSN 1653-2090 ; 7
Keywords
Sheet Metal Forming, Stamping Die, Virtual Tryout, Digital Twin, Stamping Press, Structural Analysis, Finite Element Simulation, Optimization, Digital Image Correlation, Inverse Modeling
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Research subject
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:bth-20047 (URN)978-91-7295-406-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-09-22, J1630, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Vinnova, 2016-03324Vinnova, 2018-03331
Available from: 2020-08-25 Created: 2020-08-24 Last updated: 2020-12-14Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(7210 kB)136 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 7210 kBChecksum SHA-512
e47ee4d57ed1d3fe7bc3c2f14627cb12b790a91d7a10dbfe5b0650cc2e0b8525535ff03b4aaed19d0181045c51bf268f6433fe6cf111e4988c6523cae2ba9533
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Other links

Publisher's full textScopus

Authority records

Pilthammar, Johan

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Pilthammar, Johan
By organisation
Department of Mechanical Engineering
In the same journal
International Journal of Material Forming
Tribology (Interacting Surfaces including Friction, Lubrication and Wear)Other Mechanical Engineering

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 136 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 356 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf