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Permeability properties of a pressure induced compacted polymer liner in gas cylinder
Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4629-6324
Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7051-3256
2021 (English)In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 138, no 18, article id 50335Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The permeability properties of composite gas cylinders for breathing gas with polymer inner-liner are investigated. The cylinder wall can be described as a composite membrane consisting of two layers. The permeability properties of the cylinder are presented as permeability coefficient and permselectivity. Deviation from the expected gas components might lead to incidents and potentially harmful situations when breathing gas from a compressed gas cylinder. Hence, gas permeability and potential changes in gas composition, must be considered when choosing cylinder materials. Cases of decompression sickness initiated this study. Experimental data show that pressure and oxygen fraction in the gas cylinder drops and that the permeability coefficient varies depending on the inner pressure. Permeability coefficients of 0.62–0.90 Barrer for oxygen and 0.44–0.56 Barrer for nitrogen are measured. Cracks in the inner-liner have caused an accentuated drop in of oxygen fraction and pressure. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2021. Vol. 138, no 18, article id 50335
Keywords [en]
composites, copolymers, theory and modeling, thermoplastics
National Category
Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:bth-20479DOI: 10.1002/app.50335ISI: 000593037300001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85096852865OAI: oai:DiVA.org:bth-20479DiVA, id: diva2:1470584
Note

open access

Available from: 2020-09-25 Created: 2020-09-25 Last updated: 2023-08-07Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. The safety relevance of standardized tests for diving equipment
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The safety relevance of standardized tests for diving equipment
2020 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Vital components are more or less prone to fail in a diving apparatus. This thesis examines the performance of oxygen sensors, carbon dioxide scrubber monitoring and composite gas cylinders. A partial pressure of oxygen sensor authentication is suggested in a published patent and poster, weaknesses in carbon dioxide scrubber monitoring systems near surface are revealed in a published paper and potential harmful gas permeability properties of a composite gas cylinder, altering the gas composition and decreases the oxygen fraction, is measured and determined in a submitted paper.The importance of adequately and thoroughly performed safety tests that are standardized becomes even more relevant when managing personal protective equipment. The European Committee for Standardization have ratified relevant standard for the work in this thesis;EN-14143 Respiratory equipment – Self-contained re-breathing diving apparatus,EN-12245:2009+A1:2011 Transportable gas cylinders – Fully wrapped composite cylinders, andISO 11119-3:2013 Gas cylinders – Refillable composite gas cylinders and tubes – Design, construction and testing.These tests form a base-line for the methods, tests and result evaluations performed here and are considered safe; however improvements to the tests and standards can be made and are here suggested.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Karlskrona: Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 2020. p. 134
Series
Blekinge Institute of Technology Licentiate Dissertation Series, ISSN 1650-2140 ; 5
Keywords
Diving, rebreather, underwater breathing apparatus, unmanned testing, hyperbaric, scuba, oxygen sensor, composite gas cylinder, carbon dioxide monitoring
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:bth-20419 (URN)978-91-7295-408-3 (ISBN)
Presentation
2020-11-06, Vallhallavägen 1, Karlskrona, 15:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Armed Forces
Available from: 2020-09-25 Created: 2020-09-24 Last updated: 2020-10-16Bibliographically approved
2. Surviving under water: Physiological limitations and technical possibilities
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Surviving under water: Physiological limitations and technical possibilities
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The survival of humans in underwater environments necessitates a comprehensive understanding of both physiological factors and advanced technologies. Diving with self-contained underwater breathing apparatuses (SCUBA) remains one of the most common ways for human underwater activities. This thesis explores the challenges of surviving underwater by investigating diving equipment performance and human physiological modeling from both a deterministic and statistical perspective.

The research examines the change of gas composition when storing nitrox gas in a composite gas cylinder over extended periods, up to one year. This analysis aims to better understand the implications of long-term storage on gas properties and safety.

The efficacy of a signal analysis software algorithm designed to ascertain the accuracy of electronic rebreather oxygen sensors is evaluated. The algorithm's purpose is to provide enhanced safety measures for oxygen sensors integrated into various closed-circuit rebreathers, pursuing reliable data.

The reliability of temperature monitoring of carbon dioxide scrubbers is investigated as a method to predict remaining carbon dioxide absorption capacity. This temperature monitoring acts as a crucial "fuel gauge," contributing to diver safety by preventing potential risks associated with scrubber material depletion.

The research seeks to explore the principles and methodologies that can be employed to optimize the decompression algorithm, with the purpose of enhancing diver safety during decompression procedures. By employing probabilistic modeling techniques, the research aims to propose innovative solutions to minimize the risk of decompression sickness, contributing to advancements in underwater safety practices.

Additionally, the thesis explores the possibilities of altering the oxygen breathing regimen for the Inside Attendant during long-duration hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) to facilitate rapid decompression without compromising safety.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Karlskrona: Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 2023
Series
Blekinge Institute of Technology Doctoral Dissertation Series, ISSN 1653-2090 ; 2023:10
Keywords
Diving, diving apparatus, unmanned testing, hyperbaric, scuba, oxygen sensor, composite gas cylinder, carbon dioxide monitoring, decompression, hyperbaric oxygen therapy
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies not elsewhere specified
Research subject
Systems Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:bth-24811 (URN)978-91-7295-461-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-09-08, Multisalen J1504, Valhallavägen 1, Karlskrona, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Armed Forces
Available from: 2023-08-10 Created: 2023-08-07 Last updated: 2023-08-18Bibliographically approved

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Silvanius, MårtenFranberg, Oskar

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