Based on a classification of artificial societies and the identification of four different types of stakeholders in such societies, we investigate the potential of norm-governed behavior in different types of artificial societies. The basis of the analysis is the preferences of the stakeholders and how they influence the state of the society. A general conclusion drawn is that the more open a society is the more it has to rely on agent owners and designers to achieve norm-governed behavior, whereas in more closed societies the environment designers and owners may control the degree of norm-governed behavior.