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Commensurable and rational triangles
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2007 (English)Report (Other academic)Alternative title
Kommensurabla och rationella trianglar (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

One may ask which property the equilateral, the right isosceles, the half equilateral, and the two golden triangles, with angles (π/5),((2π)/5),((2π)/5) and (π/5),(π/5),((3π)/5), have in common. One answer is that their angles are commensurable with each other -- such triangles are commensurable. We investigate properties of this class of triangles, which is a countable subset of the entire class of triangles -- we do not distinguish between similar triangles. It can naturally be endowed with a family structure by integer triples. The equilateral is the only member of the first generation, and the other triangles mentioned above populate the first generations. A formula for the number of non-similar triangles that can be formed by triples of corners in a regular n-polygon is calculated, which gives the number of commensurable triangles at each generation. Three "metatriangles" are described -- so called because each possible triangle is represented as a point in each of them. The set of right triangles form a height in one of the metatriangles. The eye is the point of a metatriangle in the same metatriangle. In the second part of this report, triangles are studied by side length. A rational triangle is a triangle where all sides and all heights are rational numbers. We show that the right rational triangles are the Pythagorean triangles, and each non-right rational triangle consists of two Pythagorean triangles. Almost all triangles are irrational. It turns out that no Pythagorean triangle is commensurable. We prove that the only triangle with commensurable angles and also commensurable sides is the equilateral triangle.

Abstract [sv]

Man kan ställa sig frågan vad den liksidiga, halva kvadraten och de två gyllene trianglarna, med vinklar (π/5),((2π)/5),((2π)/5) och (π/5),(π/5),((3π)/5), har gemensamt. Ett svar är att vinklarna är kommensurabla med varandra - sådana trianglar kallar vi kommensurabla. Denna delklass av trianglar kan naturligt utrustas med en familjestruktur genom heltalstrippler som är hörnens relativa storlek, där den liksidiga är den enda medlemmen i den första generationen. En formel för antalet icke-likformiga trianglar som kan bildas av tre hörn i en regelbunden n-polygon härleds, som kan användas för att beräkna antalet kommesurabla trianglar i en generation. Tre "metatrianglar" beskrivs - där varje triangel är representerad av en punkt. Det visar sig att de rätvinkliga trianglarna bildar en höjd i en av metatrianglarna. Ögat är den punkt i en metatriangel som representerar metatriangeln själv. I andra delen av rapporten studeras trianglar genom sidlängd. En rationell triangel är en triangel där alla sidor och höjder är rationella tal. Vi visar att de räta rationella trianglarna är de Pythagoreiska, och de icke-räta består av två Pythagoreiska trianglar. Nästan alla trianglar är irrationella. Det visar sig att ingen Pythagoreisk triangel är kommensurabel. Vi visar att den enda triangel där vinklarna är kommensurabla och även sidorna kommensurabla är den liksidiga triangeln.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2007.
Series
Blekinge Tekniska Högskola Forskningsrapport, ISSN 1103-1581 ; 7
Keywords [en]
triangle, angle, side, commensurable, rational
National Category
Geometry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:bth-00353Local ID: oai:bth.se:forskinfoC856D8E6FDE78954C125729E00353AEDOAI: oai:DiVA.org:bth-00353DiVA, id: diva2:837071
Available from: 2012-09-18 Created: 2007-03-14 Last updated: 2015-06-30Bibliographically approved

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Lennerstad, Håkan

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CiteExportLink to record
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Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
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  • Other style
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Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
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  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf