This paper presents an approach that utilizes artificial intelligence techniques to identify autonomous machine behavior patterns. The context for investigation involves a fleet of prototype autonomous haulers as part of a Product Service System solution under development in the construction and mining industry. The approach involves using deep learning-based object detection and computer vision to understand how prototype machines operate in different situations. The trained model accurately predicts and tracks the loaded and unloaded machines and helps to identify the data patterns such as course deviations, machine failures, unexpected slowdowns, battery life, machine activity, number of cycles per charge, and speed. PSS solutions hinge on efficiently allocating resources to meet the required site-level output. Solution providers can make more informed decisions at the earlier stages of development by using the AI techniques outlined in the paper, considering asset management and reallocation of resources to account for unplanned stoppages or unexpected slowdowns. Understanding machine behavioral aspects in early-stage PSS development could enable more efficient and customized PSS solutions.

The communication with government and municipality through Internet has in-creased during the last couple of years. Therefore we have chosen to focus our bachelor thesis in this particularly area and the needs for usable web services for the citizens. In this bachelor thesis we are studying a increasing group users, namely elderly citizens. During the study we have analysed E-governments ser-vices usability through usability tests. The combination of conversations and meetings with individuals, observations of interactions and literature studies give us the opportunity to explore the users needs. The users need is the central in how they understand and interact with the E-government. The web sites we used dur-ing our user tests are all connected with the E-government. Through a analytic study of the information we could make five important design proposals and guidelines, that we suggest are required when e-services are developed for the E-government.

This report, in which we have put an emphasis on the word communication, is based on a student software development project conducted during spring 2002. We describe how the use of design tools plays a key role in supporting communication in group activities and to what extent communication can be supported and enhanced by tools such as mock-ups and metaphors in a group project. We also describe a design progress from initial sketches to a final mock-up of a GUI for a postcard demo application.

The Governments and workers have put in a great effort in regularizing the working hours and working week over the course of last one and a half century. The average work week in the world stands at 40 hours. With unemployment among all the work force in Sweden almost hitting 11 percent and in youth aged 15-24 hitting almost 27 percent. It’s definitely alarming and requires measures to reduce. Different political forces in Sweden including Green Party and left party have joined forces in reducing the working week to 30 hours. The reduction in the working hours certainly presents a solution to different issues like work life balance, quality of life and work satisfaction but is it a solution to reduce unemployment at the same time source of motivation? That is the fundamental question we have tried to answer in the pages to follow. The reduction in working hours, during the economic downturn of 2008, supported financially by Government of Germany actually helped save at least half a million jobs. Volvo Power Train saved a number of jobs in Sweden by reducing the working hours of all the employees, so did Scania, and Saab in Sweden. Toyota reduced the working hours of its employees in 1990s to increase motivation, job satisfaction and quality of life. Our research has shown that if working hours are reduced then jobs can not only be saved, but can be created as well. In the following pages you will come across information obtained through number of information sources and printed material which directly aims at looking into how reduction in working hours can reduce unemployment. Our research presents different scenarios where reduction in the hours can generate employments. The debate however is open for future researchers to test these scenarios and see if they are viable proposals and can help reduce the employment.

Studie av kommunikation i projekt och identifikation av konflikterna som står som hinder för projektet.. Den studien består av olika tester, en intervju och en webbsida. Dessa metoder är lämpliga för just det studerade projektets situation och struktur och kan testa olika vinklar i kommunikationen. Fokusområden är: - Kvalitet - Struktur Utgående från den ovannämnda faktorerna har jag med hjälp av projektägaren och projektledaren gjort en del antaganden som berör kommunikationen i projektet och därefter har jag använt olika metoder för att testa dem. Svaren som jag fick utav dessa tester gav en bild om validiteten och de följande testerna har varit kompletterande till de föregående.

Context: Smartphone is gaining popularity due to its feasible mobility, computing capacity and efficient energy. Emails, text messaging, navigation and visualizing geo-spatial data through browsers are common features of smartphone. Display of geo-spatial data is collected in computing format and made publically available. Therefore the need of usability evaluation becomes important due to its increasing demand. Identifying usability requirements are important as conventional functional requirements in software engineering. Non-functional usability requirements are objectives and testable using measurable metrics. Objectives: Usability evaluation plays an important role in the interaction design process as well as identifying user needs and requirements. Comparative usability requirements are identified for the evaluation of a geographical information system (Google Maps) on personal computer (Laptop) and smartphone (iPhone). Methods: ISO 9241-11 guide on usability is used as an input model for identifying and specifying usability level of Google Maps on both personal computer and smartphone for intended output. Authors set target value for usability requirements of tasks and questionnaire on each device, such as acceptability level of tasks completion, rate of efficiency and participant’s agreement of each measure through ISO 9241-11 respectively. The usability test is conducted using Co-discovery technique on six pairs of graduate students. Interviews are conducted for validation of test results and questionnaires are distributed to get feedback from participants. Results: The non-functional usability requirements were tested and used five metrics measured on user performance and satisfaction. Through usability test, the acceptability level of tasks completion and rate of efficiency was matched on personal computer but did not match on iPhone. Through questionnaire, both the devices did not match participant’s agreement of each measure but only effectiveness matched on personal computer. Usability test, interview and questionnaire feedback are included in the results. Conclusions: The authors provided suggestions based on test results and identified usability issues for the improvement of Google Maps on personal computer and iPhone.

Detta examensarbete har gjorts under vårterminen 2023 i företaget Scania i

Södertälje, Stockholm. Examensarbetet handlar om effektivisering av

reservdelsutvärdering inom fordonsindustrin genom att använda Leans

grundprinciper, Scania produktionssystemet samt reservdelsklassificering.

Arbetet är ett förbättringsprojekt där reservdelarna som produceras på emobility

produktionslinje är arbetets fokus.

Arbetet inleddes med att samla in data genom intervju, observationer och

företagets produktionssystem. Därefter studerades nuvarande tillståndet av

produktionen, där produktionsvolymer följdes upp och kopplades till lämpliga

klassificeringsmetoder, sedan skapades värdeflödeskartläggning för nuvarande

tillstånd.

Resultatet som togs fram från nulägesbeskrivning, produktionsprocess och

produktionsanalys visade att företaget jobbar utifrån dess principer och

prioriteringar, reservdelsklassificering, samt tillämpar leanprinciperna.

Examensarbetet innebär att genomföra ett förbättringsarbete som inte bara

handlar om att analysera och undersöka problemen, utan det fokuserar på att

identifiera relevanta metoder och lösningar som kan implementeras. Slutligen

dras en slutsats och förslag om den lösningen och metoden kan bidra till

förbättring. Slutsatserna föreslår att företaget fokuserar på de mest efterfrågade

reservdelarna och tillverka dem på den dedikerade produktionslinjen för de

kommande två åren, vilket är beprövat arbetssätt som visar sig lämpligt och

effektivt eftersom det används och fungerar bra i andra produktionslinje inom

samma företag.

Examensarbetet fokuserar på analysering och utveckling av ett materialflöde på ett stenbrott, som tillhör företaget Scandinavian Stone. Ett materialflöde som är beroende av tunga fordon, som orsakar höga kostnader och koldioxidutsläpp. Företaget strävar efter en utveckling som fokuserar på koldioxidutsläpp – och kostnadsreducering. Processen undersöktes vid flera aktiviteter, som studiebesök, intervjuer och observationer. En undersökning är grunden till en processanalys som tar till ytan utvecklingsbehoven och bristfaktorer. Analysen grundades på Lean-filosofin, för att särskilja mellan värdehöjande och icke värdehöjande parametrar ur ett kundperspektiv. Resultatet av analysen visade att sträckan mellan lägsta punkten i stenbrottet (hålet) till bearbetningsstation, är den delen som bidrar med högst energiförbrukning. En beräkningsmodell har skapats för att kunna räkna på energiåtgången som är resulterad av produkttransporter inom processen. Beräkningen gjordes på en förenklad körcykel med varierade produktvikter. Resultatet från beräkningsmodellen visade att en ökning på produktvikten medför små energiökningar. Detta var grunden till ett koncept som fokuserar på en minskning av antal körningar längs den identifierade sträckan. För att bibehålla processproduktivitet, krävs det att transportera flera produkter och tyngre skrotmaterial åt gången. Det förslagna konceptet ändrar layouten på processen, då bearbetningsstation flyttas ned till hålet, istället för sin nuvarande plats utanför hålet. Det möjliggör transport av flera produkter åt gången, då produkterna förlorar ca 50 % av sin vikt efter bearbetning. Restmaterialet förvaras tillfälligt i en behållare och sedan transporteras upp när vikten har nått en maximalnivå. Denna maximalvikt observeras med hjälp av en våg som behållaren är placerad på. Vågen indikerar när den gränsen är uppnådd och det är dags för tömning. Konceptet visade en lönsamhet i energiförbrukningen i upp till 40%.

In several cases, systems that have been developed have been very time consuming and cost a lot of money, but they still do not fulfil the users requirements and requests. To make new systems better, you have to find a way to communicate that allows the developers to understand the needs of the user. The aim for our thesis is to highlight the importance of communication in system development. To investigate this we have choosen to do a study of the real-estate system. The work methods that have been used include mock-ups and informal conversations with the user, who is employed by the Church of Sweden in Ronneby. The purpose of this thesis is, among other things, to provide the Church of Sweden in Ronneby with a report, which can be of help for further development of the system. The system was developed by a work group at Blekinge Institute of Technology. Our question of issue is: Would the Church of Sweden in Ronneby obtain a more useful system if the developers applied the guidelines and experience that exists within the area of HCI? Further more we have looked in to if the communication has improved with the use of mock-ups to increase the interaction? Human-computer interaction as a term was adopted in the mid-1980s as a means of describing this new field of study. The focus of interest described the new way of looking at the interaction between computers and people. In this field it is important to involve the user in the developing process from the beginning to the end. Together with the user, we have made some propositions based on previous documentation from the project. Mock-ups are a prototype of paper that shows the user what the system will look like. This method was applied together with the user, to find a more logical structure for the system. After gathering the result of the case study, we can honestly say that communication do increase because of mock-ups. Good communication is not something that you can learn from books; you have to adjust to the situation. It is important when you develop a system to work with a model that allows you to go back and change things in previous phases that are incorrect, and also to include the user in the whole process.

Work place studies in a taxi business in order to identify eventual problems and give design solutions.

Syfte: Att identifiera metoder för projektledare att använda motivation för att minimera negativ stress. Metod: Kvalitativa djupintervjuer Slutsatser: Vi har definierat tre metoder som bidrar till att en internaliseringskedja påbörjas. Internalisering ökar den inre motivationen både hos projektledare och hos projektdeltagare och kan bidra till att minska negativ stress. Den första metoden handlar om att utveckla en modell gällande vilken information projektledare behöver från beställare när projekt beställs. Den andra metoden handlar också om behovet av ökad beställarkompetens, och innebär att utbilda beställarna. Den tredje metoden innebär att tydliggöra gränsen mellan projektledarens och projektdeltagarnas ordinarie chefs ansvar när det kommer till motivations- och stressfrågor gällande projektmedlemmarna. Internaliseringskedjan leder till att underlätta projektdeltagarnas egen internaliseringsprocess, vilken gör att de i större utsträckning drivs att utföra sitt arbete av inre motivation vilket minimerar risken för negativ stress.

Med denna uppsats vill vi (författarna) samla ihop 5 år av tankar, teorier och erfarenheter kring systemutveckling och lärande. Uppsatsen presenterar 8 projekt som är genomförda i Blekinge mellan 1995-1999. Med utgångspunkt i projekten behandlas en utvecklingsprocess för IT-system som är baserad på kreativitet och lärande miljöer. Särskilt lyfter uupsatsen fram behovet av att förändra processen för att möta slutanvändare av program och tjänster.

I detta arbete framlägger vi ett designförslag på hur ett diskussionsverktyg som stödjer ljud- och bildkommunikation kan se ut. Ett förslag som förbättrar och förenklar den distanskommunikation som idag sker med hjälp av mobiltelefoner, videokonferenssystem samt webbkameror anslutna till persondatorer. Den design vi föreslår möjliggör för mobila användare att visuellt föra flerpartssamtal med hjälp av PDA:er. Vårt designförslag har fått arbetsnamnet CU2 (see you too) och är tänkt att fungera i tredje och/eller fjärde generationens mobila nät. Vi har valt att genomföra vårt magisterarbete på företaget A Brand New World i Kista, Stockholm. Företaget utvecklar och säljer system inom mobilt Internet.

Rapporten huvudsyfte är att beskriva hur vi genom användning av språk och kommunikation har kunnat tillgodose våra användares krav på ett ärendehanteringssystem, samt på vilket sätt vi har använt artefakter för att kommunicera. Vi kommer att beskriva olika delar av projektet där språk och kommunikation har haft centrala "roller" och visat sig ha olika betydelse beroende på de personer som medverkar och i vilken miljö situationen har utspelat sig. Rapporten behandlar även hur resultatet av ovanstående har lett oss in i en utvecklingsprocess där vi försökt tillgodose användarens krav på bästa sätt. Vi kommer också att beskriva de kända och tidigare okända metoder som vi använt oss av för att uppnå vår målsättning, att överlämna en första prototyp av ett ärendehanteringssystem.

Titel; Vilka faktorer i service branschens arbetsmiljö har betydelse för social trötthet? Hur ser sambanden ut mellan utbrändhet och social trötthet? Författare; Jennie Andersson Nyckelord; Utbrändhet, Social trötthet, arbetsmiljö Syftet med undersökningen har varit att få fram vilka faktorer i service branschens arbetsmiljö som har betydelse för social trötthet samt undersöka eventuella samband mellan utbrändhet och social trötthet. Undersökningen är riktat mot vårdanställda och reseledare då tidigare undersökning påvisat samband mellan social trötthet och reseledare. Undersökningen är av en kvantitativ metod i form av en enkät. Denna enkät skickades ut till sammanlagt 110 personer i service branschen (vårdanställda och reseledare). Materialet har sedan bearbetats för att göra jämförelser mellan utbrändhet och social trötthet samt se vilka faktorer som har betydelse för dessa. I resultaten har det påvisats att vårdanställda upplever en högre grad av social trötthet än vad reseledare gör om de inte trivs på arbetet. När det gäller utbrändhet så visar resultaten på att utbrändhets tendenser påvisas hos vårdanställda om de inte är tillfredsställda med sitt arbete, denna korrelation påvisas inte hos reseledare. Frågor gällande vilka faktorer i ens arbetsmiljö som har betydelse för social trötthet och utbrändhet visar på att psykosocial arbetsmiljö och arbetstillfredsställelse har betydelse för social trötthet och utbrändhet. Högst tendenser för utbrändhet och social trötthet påvisade vårdanställda. Till fortsatta forskning inom detta område skulle jag kunna undersöka om fenomenet social trötthet existerar inom andra yrkeskategorier än de undersökta. Frågeställningar 1. Vilka faktorer i service branschens arbetsmiljö har betydelse för social trötthet? 2. Hur ser sambanden ut mellan utbrändhet och social trötthet?

Att en dator hänger sig, inte gör som man vill eller bara är obegriplig är inget nytt fenomen. Dock är detta en del av vardagen på diariet i Regionens Hus i Mariestad, där de tre registratorernas arbetsprocesser innehåller ett antal problem som bland annat är datorrelaterade. Rapporten beskriver arbetet på diariet, de problem som finns, vem som äger problemen, och innehåller också en diskussion runt de befintliga problemen. Rapporten tar upp allt från postöppning till sökfel i programmet Diabas och mycket annat som ingår i arbetet som registrator. De problem som finns i arbetet på diariet har hopat sig över registratorerna som känner att det inte finns någon självklar part som de kan vända sig till för att få hjälp. Känslan av maktlöshet är alltid närvarande i arbetet när registratorernas datoriserade hjälpmedel inte gör som de vill. Rapporten är ett steg i att kartlägga problemen och vem som äger dem, och avsedd att bli en hjälp för registratorerna.

ABSTRACT System development has become more and more concentrated on development for the Web and this has resulted in larger target groups. It will most surely continue to be so considering that the Web will be the infrastructure of business and services in the future. A big target group involves that the owner of a system can earn a lot of money from the paying users, but that assumes that the system can meet user needs. If a system on the Web does not satisfy the user?s demands then they will use the competitor?s system instead because it is only a mouse-click away. That is why the business, already during the development process, has to take the role of the users seriously. Even if all users cannot take part in the process at least some users can and it would be a shame not to take advantages of this kind of expert knowledge. This report describes how a system development project can be practised and how a developer can do to satisfy each user?s requirements even though he or she are not specified, and also why a useful system is classified as an investment in the future.

Abstract. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om människan är formad med det Karismatiska ledarskapet redan från tidig ålder. Då egenskaper är svåra att studera, som också litteraturen beskriver, så valdes mönster som är karateristiska för det karismatiska ledarskapet ut, som exempelvis; stark utstrålning, stor kommunikations förmåga, en ledare för gruppen. Dessa mönster valdes att studeras genom observation av en klass där barnen var i sju års ålder. Av datainsamlingen gjordes an analys och tolkning och av detta framkom ett resultat som i sig visade på att det fanns mönster och beteenden karakteristiska för karismatiskt ledarskap hos vissa av barnen. Barnen hade olika mycket av mönsterna men det visade sig ändock tydligt vilka som var av det karismatiska ledarskapet och som kamraterna lät sig ledas av. Studiens frågeställning anses då besvarad och visar på att människan är formad redan från tidig ålder med karismatiskt ledarskap

When an accident is happening most of the time it is the person on the street that is reporting this to SOS Alarm, the instance that is controlling, for example, the ambulances. To ensure that as few mistakes as possible are made it us crucial that the communication between the caller and the ambulance via the SOS Alarm is as efficient as possible. Communication between the caller to SOS Alarm and the ambulance is done by passing through the operator at the SOS Alarm station and then on to the ambulance. Is this the way that it should be handled or are there optional ways that could be used? The technology has evolved since the system used today was installed and today cellular phones are very common and it is not unusual that it is possible to take pictures with these phones. Is this something that could be used to enhance the way information is sent between the caller and the ambulance? These are questions that this thesis tries to answer by using studies at SOS Alarm and Ambulance centrals as a foundation for the arguments.

In modern societies the activity of driving has become almost an essential routine. Vehicles are considered by many as indispensable tools for accomplishing their daily tasks and they are the main form of transportation for millions of people. The average driver spends, voluntarily, considerable amounts of time on the road, using their vehicle to transport himself even for small distances and knowing that its use presents him with some form of comfort and convenience; yet, drivers frequently regard their road experience as tiring and fastidious, but their persistence in using their vehicle at every opportunity serves as proof of a pleasurable experience. So far car manufacturers, traffic authorities and designers of technology have been mainly concerned with aspects of the road that ensure drivers safety, increase power engine, provide more comfort, and maintain better streets, etc; however, the actual feelings of the driver as he travels through the streets has not yet been taken into a great account by the developers of the road environment. For this reason this thesis tries to create awareness on the existence and constant presence of people’s emotions as they drive, which have the mutual power to influence their action on the road and their driving patterns. In order to capture a drivers’ emotional experience this study uses three main methods. One of them is Cultural Probes, consisting of common objects specifically Postcards, Pictures, and Web-logs, to measure unknown factors about the users. The second is the use of Ethnographic studies on the driving activities through the use of observations, the popular talk-aloud-protocol and the shadow method. Finally, the Experience Sampling Method is used, which tries to captures the experience of an individual as it unfolds in its natural context. With the combined used of these three methods some of the main factors of the road’s environment that are commonly able to influence the driver’s emotions in negative or positive ways were discovered, which include the intensity and type of light, the different types and sources of sound, the perceivable landscapes and surrounding architectures and the different kinds of continuously occurring interactions. These are just some of the many factors that can influence emotions on the road, and hopefully this study will open the curiosity for a deeper study of these and other aspects of the emotional driving experience.

Communication between people has become more and more important in society today and so has the way to communicate. Our work, which this master thesis is based upon, has been to evaluate and redesign an existing web application that works like a communication tool. To carry out this work we have compiled two questions; how to facilitate the interaction for an application that is used as a tool, focusing on interface design, usability and flow; how can the usability be improved in a system, with help of flow theory. To deal with these two questions we have used a number of methods that have had different kinds of influence of our work. The one that has had the greatest impact of the work with the evaluation has been cognitive walkthrough. For the design we have used literature studies along with the result of the evaluation. A problem during our work has been that the user has not been specified the design should work at a generic group of users. The problem has not been to define the target group rather to suit the interface to everybody. This has been the challenge of this semester and we found designing an interface infusing usability with help from flow as interesting.

The use of mobile telephony has over the past years increased and consequently has the development of services over the mobile phone also increased. This semester we have taken part in a large system development project, our contributions have been designing the graphical user interfaces. In doing that we found the problem with how to mediate trust to a user through a graphical user interface interesting. In this thesis we are focusing on how to develop graphical user interfaces for a mobile phone service that radiate and infuse confidence, security and trustworthiness. In order to attain the purpose, we have used the combination of literature studies and to some extent user involvement with Mock-ups and a Think-aloud technique. We are also describing the importance of taking as well usability and usability goals as the needs for the end users into consideration. We have found that more research on how to radiate and infuse trust through a graphical user interface is needed. This thesis is concluded with some aspects on that subject that we think is important to have in mind. It is of great importance to never leave the user in a state of uncertainty and therefore is clear, sincere and informative feedback necessary throughout the service. Also central in designing graphical user interfaces is to make sure that there is no mismatch in the security of the system and the radiated security.

One of the reasons, why it is difficult to implement the concept of social sustainability into organizations, is its inherent complexity and vagueness. The new Social Sustainability Principles (SSPs) within the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) offer a clear definition of success for the social system. This study aims to put the new SSPs into an organizational context. It investigates how people-related issues within organizations, discussed in six organizational and management journals, published between 2009 and 2014, are related to the SSPs. One fourth of the 3305 reviewed articles were found to relate to social sustainability. Most of the articles focused on improving performance through aspects related to social sustainability. The articles mainly discussed aspects related to barriers to the SSPs as problems, solutions or positive aspects that could remove barriers to the SSPs. The results show that for organizational research to be able to support organizations moving towards social sustainability, there is a need for a clear definition of success as well as a frame that takes the whole social system into consideration. The FSSD and the SSPs could help to structure the diverse topics, put research problems in a bigger context and discern relevant problems and solutions.

Den här rapporten är ett resultat av ett kandidatarbete på 20-poäng. Projektet som rapporten handlar om, beskriver hur utvecklingen av ett webbutikssystem åt ett flertal företag gått till. De har i sin tur köpt webbsystemet från företaget Opti Use som givit oss uppgiften. I rapporten diskuteras hur utvecklingsprocessen gått till och hur ett arbete med ett befintligt system upplevts. Rapporten beskriver även hur lösningen på uppgiften har tagit form och hur utvecklingsprocessen påverkat den. Metoderna som används under projektets gång beskrivs utifrån hur de förändrats för att önskat resultat skulle uppnås. Titelns innebörd beskriver projektgruppens utvecklingsprocess under arbetet med projektet i förhållande till tidigare erfarenheter under MDA-utbildningen.

Den här studien utgår från en fenomenografisk ansats. Vi avser att fånga skilda uppfattningar om arbetsplatslärande och studera hur uppfattningarna påverkar medarbetarnas arbetstillfredsställelse. Vi utgick från två frågeställningar: vilka uppfattningar har medarbetare av hur de lär på sin arbetsplats, och finns det skillnader i medarbetarnas uppfattningar av vad de lär? Resultatet visar att deltagarnas uppfattningar om fenomenet skiljer sig åt. Tolkningen av resultatet visar att deltagarna lär på olika sätt och använder kunskapen olika i deras yrkesutförande. De lär genom erfarenhet, socialt samspel, teoretiskt samt genom praktiskt arbetsutförande. De utvecklar och lär flexibilitet, anpassning, problemlösning och socialt samspel. Det finns ett samband mellan hur deltagarna uppfattar fenomenet och arbetstillfredsställelse. När arbetsplatslärande är effektivt bidrar det på ett positivt sätt till deltagarnas arbetstillfredsställelse.

Internationally, universities are undergoing renewal because of technological and social changes that both increases the importance of open and flexible learning, as well as makes it practicable. Net-based education makes it possible to create courses where students can collaborate and share knowledge globally. Collaborative Learning in Virtual Communities, with the working title Sesame, is a cooperative project between Blekinge Institute of Technology, BTH, and University of Pretoria, UP that has intention to provide a course like this. The aim of this collaboration is to initiate research in, as well as to test, and evaluate methods for net-based collaborative learning to see how this can provide new perspectives for students and lecturers in both countries. One key concept in the project is ?internationalisation at home? and this means interaction and knowledge sharing between people from different countries, and cultures, without them having to physically leave their country. In this thesis we describe the phase of constituting Sesame focusing on the cooperation between the involved parties from the two countries.

Detta arbete är en reflektion över ett programvaruutvecklingsprojekt, WAIS, och den arbetsmetodik som användes för detta projekt. Arbetsmetodiken för utvecklings-projektet var Extreme Programming (XP) och vi ifrågasätter om detta val var lämpligt för ett projekt som WAIS. Projektet genomfördes vid Blekinge Tekniska Högskola under våren 2004. Utvecklingsprojektet WAIS var en del av ett större projekt, AIS 42, som stöds av VINNOVA. Huvudprojektets bakgrund och syfte beskrivs för att läsaren skall förstå den roll projektet hade. Studenternas uppgift har varit att utveckla en prototyp för ett system som skall sprida information relaterad till logistik och transporter. Slutanvändarna till systemet är många och de tillhör olika organisationer som är spridda både fysiskt och verksamhetsmässigt. Arbetsmetodiken XP faller in under paraplybegreppet Agile manifesto vilkas principer beskrivs i detta arbete. Paralleller dras till arbetsprocessen och dess resultat som projektgruppen har utfört. Vi reflekterar över projektarbetet och arbetsmetodiken utifrån det perspektiv som växt fram under våra år på MDA-programmet. Synsättet bygger bland annat på particpatory design och människa-datorinteraktion där användarmedverkan har en central roll vid utvecklingsprocesser. Vår slutsats visar att utvecklingsprojektet gått miste om flera av de fördelar som arbetsmetodiken XP kan ge. De orsaker som identifierades var: tidsaspekter, tillgång till aktörer och avsaknaden av en tydlig gemensam målbild.

The use of decision-making models in the early stages of the development of complex products and technologies is a well-established practice in industry. Engineers rely on well-established statistical and mathematical models to explore the feasible design space and make early decisions on future design configurations. At the same time, researchers in both value-driven design and sustainable product development areas have stressed the need to expand the design space exploration by encompassing value and sustainability-related considerations. A portfolio of methods and tools for decision support regarding value and sustainability integration has been proposed in literature, but very few have seen an integration in engineering practices. This paper proposes an approach, developed and tested in collaboration with an aerospace subsystem manufacturer, featuring the integration of value-driven design and sustainable product development models in the established practices for design space exploration. The proposed approach uses early simulation results as input for value and sustainability models, automatically computing value and sustainability criteria as an integral part of the design space exploration. Machine learning is applied to deal with the different levels of granularity and maturity of information among early simulations, value models, and sustainability models, as well as for the creation of reliable surrogate models for multidimensional design analysis. The paper describes the logic and rationale of the proposed approach and its application to the case of a turbine rear structure for commercial aircraft engines. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges of the approach implementation and highlights relevant research directions across the value-driven design, sustainable product development, and machine learning research fields.

The design of a circular PSS solution goes beyond the traditional perspective of circular product design encompassing multiple complexity dimensions that need to be considered and addressed in the early stages of design. The paper provides a literature-based outlook on the levels of complexity to be faced when making decisions in early PSS design by positioning the concept of changeability inherited from the systems engineering literature into the context of the design of circular PSS. The paper ultimately stresses the need to consider the changeability of PSS as a relevant dimension in the assessment of its circularity potential. It does so by proposing a framework for the design of circular PSS solutions, summarizing the main design strategies and approaches currently described in the literature to mitigate the uncertainties generated by PSS complexity.

Hur kan mobila användare studeras? Frågan blir allt mer aktuell i samband med att vi människor i större utsträckning blir mobila och därmed också använder mobila artefakter som en del av vardagslivet. Denna fråga är framförallt aktuell för de företag som utvecklar denna typ av artefakter. Vi har under detta kandidatarbete samarbetat med ett företag som dagligen ställs inför denna typ av frågor, och vi kommer i denna rapport behandla utvecklingen av en metod för att studera just mobila användare. Att studera användarna är naturligt, då det är de som är nyckeln till vilka tjänster och artefakter som just de har användning för. Vår metod influeras av tankar från den etnografiska traditionen och har utvecklats genom en studie av ungdomar i gymnasieålder och deras vardag. Ungdomarna har gett oss inblick i sina liv genom att fotografera och berätta kring dessa fotografier under seminarier som kontinuerligt genomförts under studien. Vi har valt att ha ett brett perspektiv under studien för att få en helhetsbild av de studerade ungdomarnas liv. Utifrån den ansenliga mängd information vi inhämtat genom att studera ungdomarna, har vi tagit fram en design av en funktion till mobilt användande av intresse för dessa ungdomar. Vår metod, som vi valt att kalla Kamerametoden, kan alltså med fördel användas vid framtagning av en design utifrån den inblick som fås i den studerades liv.

Summary This thesis consists of an ethnographic investigation of five Swedish household's everyday life in their kitchens during the spring 2001 and an analysis of this context, which for certain can be apt for the development of the smart home services of today. Finally some future opportunities on how to systematise ethnography for design use also are drawn. The focus of investigation of this thesis is to find out what actual happens in some situations in ordinary kitchens. Specific interest is showed for the articulation work, while most smart appliances of today supports only goal-oriented activity, hence evolved from the ground of the home PC interaction. The ethnographical investigation is focused on three specific events in a house hold which all are assumed to take place in the families kitchen. The events are: 1) When a family plans and books an amusement activity. 2) When a family plans it's shopping. 3) When a person solves a goal oriented task, for example details about cooking a meal.

Uppsatsen behandlar hur två organisationer samarbetar och koordinerar deras kooperativa arbete med hjälp av en artefakt. De två organisationerna är Marinmuseum och Turistbyrån där deras kooperativa arbete handlar om att skapa guidade turer tillsammans. Vi har jobbat mot målgruppernas målsättningar, behov och krav för att hitta det ultimata stödet för deras verksamhet. Syftet är att förmedla förståelse för hur organisationerna idag använder artefakten i deras gemensamma arbete, baserat på intervjuer och observationer. Huvudfrågorna i vår studie har varit: Hur kan vi som utvecklare kan stödja de två olika organisationernas samarbetsmöjligheter och förbättra koordinationen i det fall då de använder denna artefakt, deras pappersbaserade bokningslista som primär informationsplats? Hur kan denna artefakt ersättas utan att tappa dess koordinations och interaktions förmågor samt flexibilitet? Studien har visat att den pappersbaserade artefakten, deras bokningslista, innefattar många positiva egenskaper som vid digitalisering måste tas hänsyn till. Denna artefakt har vi valt att kalla för koordinationsartefakt för att belysa dess koordinationsegenskaper. Med vår studie vill vi framhäva den markanta skillnaden med ett system som är anpassat efter verksamheten istället för att verksamheten är anpassad efter systemet.

This thesis presents a study that was conducted within a project, the purpose of which was development of a software application (ePeer) for students at Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST). ePeer is a tool for gaining information about Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health and will be used in a peer education project which is currently being set up in Mbarara. The study presented in this report aims at designing the interface of ePeer. Our intention was to develop a design that would suit the future users of ePeer. Achieving that involved learning about user expectations and bridging the cultural differences between us, the software developers, and the future users. In order to meet the user expectations we decided to get students at MUST involved in the design process of ePeer’s interface. Two methods were used to accomplish that, namely mock-ups and evaluations. The mock-up sessions provided us with a number of prototypes of ePeer’s interface, created by the students. The evaluation of three applications, with functionality similar to ePeer, resulted in a list of application features that were most appreciated by the students. By analyzing the outcome of the mock-up and evaluation sessions we managed to learn about the students’ expectations concerning ePeer’s content, functionality and layout. Basing on that analysis we suggested a design of ePeer’s interface. The design was positively evaluated by representatives of the future users.

Den teoretiska bakgrunden tar upp self-efficacy som begrepp och dess betydelse för medarbetare och organisation. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om samband finns mellan self-efficacy och interaktion mellan medarbetare och chef. Self-efficacy mäts med GSE, i översättning av Koskinen-Hagman et al (1999), medarbetar-chefsinteraktion mäts med egenkonstruerade frågor i samma enkät i syfte att undersöka relationerna avseende bl a nöjdhet, chefsnärvaro, kontaktfrekvens, problemlösning. Deltagare består av 58 medarbetare från samma organisation varav 83 % är kvinnor. Studien visar att samband finns mellan self-efficacy och hur medarbetare uppfattar interaktionen med sin chef avseende närvaro, nöjdhet samt hur medarbetare själva agerar vid problem på arbetet. Self-efficacy har däremot inte betydelse för på vilket sätt de föredrar att kontakta chefen. Samband finns mellan self-efficacy och anställningstid men saknas mellan anställningstid och nöjdhet.

This report is our Master thesis. Our work has taken place at a one-stop-shop in Sölvesborg during the spring of 2002. We have conducted ethnographical studies concerning the one-stop-shops frontdesk and telephone exchange. During these studies we became aware of some differences under which the daily work was to be carried out. When operating the switchboard the staff usually work alone and perform the tasks individually. At the frontdesk there's usually two or more people from the workforce. They carry out their work in the form of a network, where the colleagues support each other in what seemed to be seamless cooperative work. We closely studied the work being carried out by the staff at the frontdesk in order to gain a deeper understanding for their handling of cases in their daily work. How do the staff achieve this seamless cooperative work, and how are the cues that trigger the cooperative work being relayed? In this report we describe aspects of cooperative work and different mechanisms that affects cooperation. With the aid of concrete examples, we highlight how the staff in this environment, design their language and their actions. We argue that cooperative work is formed and coordinated with the aid of various artefacts. In the concrete worksituation there are cues being communicated that plays an important role in the success of the work being carried out. These cues often carry an invitation to cooperative work as we mean that they function as a way to ask the colleagues for assistance in the handling of a case, or reversed, function as to show that one is available and can assist the colleague. To understand these mechanisms of cooperative work, some general and others more specific to the workplace we have studied, is of great importance to the understanding of how cooperation is established. We highlight aspects of cooperation that are important and must be considered when designing new technology intended to support cooperative work. All names on individuals have been changed, to protect their true identity.

Abstract This report is our bachelor thesis. Our work has taken place at a galvanising company in Sölvesborg. The company faced major changes, of which one was a computerisation process. The new system could involve changes in work practice and in specific tasks, affecting the workers. If the coming system was to support work, from the production personnel?s perspective, we felt a legitimate participation in the development and design of the future work practice, was a requirement that was not met. During our ethnographical studies we noted that conflicts arose between production and administrative -personnel. We investigated the conflicts closer in our pursuit to find what caused them. In that work we used various methods such as Future workshop and Brainstorming. Together with production personnel we identified information and functions that are vital in their work. Also, we tried to understand what impact these aspects had on different tasks, and to find an answer to the question, could computers support the production personnel in their work? To find an answer to this question, we have in depth, studied them and closely followed their daily work. We reason about the existing work practice, and possible scenarios in the future. We describe what we find to be important to consider when introducing computers to the workplace. The report also presents a possible draft, a sketch to design, of the future computer system. All names on individuals and customers have been changed, to conceal their true identity.

This Master Thesis looks into software development processes and the work activities these need to support. Hesitation against process support within Software developing organisations combined with a possibility to develop process support for such a company, made the foundation for this thesis. The reference company where the study took place is a large worldwide Telecom company where we focused on one design department with 25 people. Instead of using Participatory Design (PD) [Schuler, Namioka] as a method for Software development as traditionally, we used it for developing process support together with the people at the department. Three different supports for different project processes were created with PD and an evolutionary way of work together with the ?designers?. We came to a complex project environment which required control in several aspects such as project sponsoring, project management, line management, design maintenance etc. We saw a way of working that was following a common agreed way of work by the group that is formed by socio-emotional aspects and co-learning aspects [Hägerfors, 1995]. In contrast to this, the study showed that the available process support and also the use of the process support had a clear concentration towards a management focus ? the control function. The available process support and the use of this did not really consider the aspects of Socio-emotional or Co-learning. Existing process support was built around documents that became evidence for actual activities during the project. The process support developed during this study (by us and the designers) finally also got that concentration. A conclusion is that when the organisation puts high requirements on control of projects, this will also affect the way the organisation wants support for work. This is the missing point.

The inter-related social and ecological facets of global sustainability imply that the way society develops will impact the environment. Development presents complex, multifaceted challenges. Interventions in the developing world in the form of projects created by the agencies, organizations and agents of the international development community increasingly appreciate and seek to address these challenges. Yet, to do so effectively, interventions need to shift from fragmented, sector-specific approaches based on formal data reports to approaches that anticipate, adapt, transform, and learn. This research aims to complement and support the practical and theoretical knowledge of rural development agents with insights from practitioners using approaches that consider complexity in other fields, in order to explore how development interventions could play a role in moving society toward sustainability. A prototype guide for rural development interventions synthesizes results gathered from interviews with rural development agents within Latin America and learning experience designers into three levels: system, interaction, and personal. The Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) provides a systems perspective and unifying definition of sustainability. The interaction level presents key recommendations, rationale, and methods for action, and the personal level presents reflection questions. This research hopes to inspire mutual learning between development actors and communities.

In the automotive industry, the configuration of the fixture setups is an important process before production begins. However, the process is time-consuming and repetitive, which means that it takes a vast workload and tedious manual work, and relies on experts. This issue consumes a great deal of engineers’ time, wastes companies’ resources, and hence lowers the efficiency of relevant companies.

The purpose of this study is to address the problem in how to find a way to make the current fixture-setup configuration work more effectively. Through the theory of knowledge-based engineering (KBE) and with the help of 3D-solid Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Object Oriented Programming (OOP), a model is designed to help automate the process of fixture configuration. The goal of the model is to help the companies improve their configuration efficiency to create more value to the company and society.

This thesis explores how to implement KBE with 3D-CAD and OOP to reach the final purpose of the study; explain to you what is KBE and why to choose KBE to conduct. By taking the KBE-conceptualized model as a carrier, it also explores the practicability of integration of KBE, 3D-CAD, and OOP. This thesis reports on the model which shows the Knowledge-based element of each action as well as a SWOT analysis of the entire model.

In this research we present one of the first actual applications of Multi Agent-Based Simulation (MABS) to the field of software process simulation modelling (SPSM). Although a few previous applications were attempted, we explain in our literature review how these failed to take full advantage of the agency paradigm. Our research resulted in a model of the software development process that integrates performance, cognition and artefact quality, for which we built a common simulation framework to implement and run MABS and System Dynamics (SD) simulators upon the same integrated models. Although it is not possible to fully verify and validate implementations and models like ours, we used a number of verification and validation techniques to increase our confidence in these. Our work is also quite unique in that it compares MABS to SD in the context of SPSM. Here, we uncovered quite interesting properties of each simulation approach and how MABS, for example, is "risk averse" when compared to SD. In our discussion section we also present a number of lessons learned regarding the two simulation paradigms as well as various shortcomings in the models we adopted and our own.

Will the different levels of knowledge contribute to a collaborative learning? This thesis is based on a tuition experiment with children in small groups, working with the educational software Quest Atlantis at Kensington Park Elementary school in Miami. During this research we have found some similarities and new concepts within Damon’s and Phelps’s three peer learning concepts (1989). Through our investigation of how children collaborate and learn from each other, we discovered that anyone could be a contributor to the collaboration. Through our transcription we defined and measured patterns of collaboration between the pupils, which we used to identify how the pupils collaborated. Out of this we constructed two new concepts, Temporary Expert and Concealed Contributor, which affects the collaboration in different ways.

In this Bachelor thesis I explore sound and room as elements in design of user interfaces, both theoretical and practical in a specific application domain, to identify some of the advantages and disadvantage associated with these elements. As application domain I studied email clients and their usage at home amongst students at Blekinge Institute of Technology. In the study I found an activity, which seems to be highly distributed in the physical room where the user is located. The activity was notification of email and could take place in an arbitrary location of the home. I then augmented this activity with ideas from my theoretical assumption about room and sound. The result was a rule-based agent for notification of email, which primarily uses sound as interaction style.

This project has been devoted to design a computer system with a tangible user interface, in the context of future supervision of remote drop-in dialysis patients. The tangible computer system was developed as an example of how two concepts in human work, accountability and awareness, can be supported through tangible user interfaces. A current trend within CSCW discusses accountability in design in terms of how software should make its own actions accountable. We choose to use an alternative route, namely to use the tangible interface for explicating nurses and patients actions for each other. Explicating actions is key benefit with a tangible interface in work environments that is physical co-located. We conclude that our strategy can be investigated further in settings where the work is carried out in a physical co-located space.

Alternative educational tools have been investigated, in form of a meta-game structure, a computer-based educational software (Quest Atlantis) which was used in an after-school environment within the frame of Fifth Dimension site in Ronneby. The study is based on field material from five sessions, each of two hours. A first focus in this thesis is on the extent to which such a virtual environment can be used for educational purposes, to which extent it can supplement the traditional educational system. A second focus is on how appropriate the software is to its educational purpose and how it can be improved by means of participatory design. The analysis of the data shows that computer games are a rich setting for human learning, in a more dynamic, active and involving manner than traditional education. In this particular case, we came to the conclusion how the software has to be improved in order to suite children’s computer skills and we came up with an original method for involving users in participatory design.

Genom att studera ledares motivation och tillfredsställelse i relation till motivationsteorin Self-Determination Theory (SDT) söktes stöd för undersökningens syfte och frågeställningar: hur respektive kön i ledarpositioner motiveras på arbetsplatsen i förhållande SDT – om de är självbestämmande eller kontrollerade samt om det finns en relation mellan motivation och tillfredsställelse. Frågeformulär besvarades av 48 män och 93 kvinnor i olika ledarpositioner. Data analyserades i form av t-tester, ett Chi-Square-test, kategoriseringar samt ett beräknande av Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale. Resultatet visade att den inre liksom den mest självbestämmande och minst kontrollerade motivationstypen motiverade mest utifrån självbestämmande profiler samt att det finns en relation mellan upplevelsen av motivation och tillfredsställelse. Även makt liksom den mest kontrollerade motivationstypen var betydande för motivationen. Statistiskt signifikanta skillnader upptäcktes mellan könen, dels då kvinnorna var något mindre tillfredsställda utifrån samtliga behov, dels då kvinnorna upplevde en något högre brist på motivation. Till skillnad från SDT och som bekräftelse och ickebekräftelse av tidigare forskning visade det sig att den inre och yttre motivationen snarare kompletterar varandra än arbetar mot varandra för den totala upplevelsen av motivation och tillfredsställelse på arbetsplatsen.

När och varför tillsätter man musik till en scen i ett filmscenario? Med informationsresurser och teorier från etablerade medieteoretiker såsom Michel Chion, Oliver Sacks samt Johnny Wingstedt söker vi svaret. Genom beprövade analysmetoder bryter vi ner kritikerrosade filmer för att finna hur musiken präglat dem. Analyserna har sedan sammanfattats och jämförts för att kärnan av dem skall kunna identifieras. I diskussionen slår vi fast att det finns många verktyg att tillämpa när man vill styrka expressiviteten eller känslointensiteten, och varför man tillsätter musik till film; Att antingen stärka ett budskap som gestaltas i bild, eller inducera känslan av något som inte går att tolka genom endast visuella medel. Dessa resultat använde vi sedan för att skapa ett ramverk inför produktion av musik och ljud till Emil. (2014) , en modern samt mörkare tolkning av Emil I Lönneberga (1971) med en underton av ett dysfunktionellt familjeförhållande. Nyckelord: Musik, dramaturgi, film, känslor, analys, narrativ When and why is music implemented to a specific scene in a film? With informational resources and theories from established media-abstractionists like Michel Chion, Oliver Sacks and Johnny Wingstedt, we’re on a hunt for the ultimate answer. With well proven analytic methods we break down critically acclaimed movies in search of how music has characterized them. The outcome of the analyses has been put together to identify their common dramatic core. In the discussion we state that there are many tools available when one wishes to accentuate the expressionistic and emotional effects of a piece, and why one would use these pieces for film. The reason being that of wishing to emphasize a message or feeling show in picture, or induce a feeling of something not visible on screen. The results were then used for the framework which we work within when producing sound and music material for Emil. (2014), a modern, darker interpretation of Emil I Lönneberga (1971). Keywords: Music, dramaturgy, film, emotions, analysis, narrative

In the era of ‘metaverse’, virtual environments are gaining popularity among new multimedia contents and are also recognized as a valuable means to deliver emotional content. This is favoured by cost reduction, availability and acceptance by end-users of virtual reality technology. Creating effective virtual environments can be achieved by exploiting several opportunities: creating artificial worlds able to generate different stories, mixing sensory cues, and making the whole interactive. The design space for creating emotional virtual environments is ample, and no clear idea of how to integrate the various components exists. This paper discusses how to combine multiple design elements to elicit five distinct emotions. We developed and tested two scenarios per emotion. We present the methodology, the development of the case studies, and the results of the testing. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Polisens uppdrag styrs av lagar och regler men handlingsutrymme finns för egna yrkesetiska bedömningar. Poliser är en heterogen grupp där individerna har olika lång anställningstid, ålder och kön. Studiens syfte var att undersöka sambanden mellan yrkesetisk bedömning och anställningstid samt eventuella skillnader i ålder och kön för att öka befintlig kunskap om vad som påverkar yrkesetiska bedömningar. I studien deltog tre polismyndigheter, 78 poliser i yttre tjänst (22 kvin- nor och 56 män, ålder 25-63 år). Enkätundersökning genomfördes för att mäta moralisk intensitet, omdöme samt medvetenhet. Korrelations- analysen av sambanden mellan anställningstid och totalindex för etiskt beslutsfattande visade ingen statistisk signifikans. Skillnaden var inte statistiskt signifikant gällande ålder och kön. En svag tendens till en förändrad attityd hos poliser med över tre års anställningstid kunde påvisas, dock ingen statistisk signifikans. Studien kan ses som en för- studie till fortsatt forskning i ämnet.

Almost everybody in the software engineering world has read about or has heard of the importance and benefits of the mature software process. This master thesis aims to answer the question why despite all the efforts; software organizations still have difficulties to achieve the mature and effective software process. The results of the literature survey and a case study performed at a real software company have shown that there is a set of factors that may cause process inefficiency in the software companies. These factors are connected with the soft aspects of the software process such as motivation of the software engineers, process understanding and the process training.

Genom att föra samman människor med olika bakgrund och utbildning kan åtskilliga idéer skapas, nya metoder utvecklas och mer kreativa och originella designlösningar produceras. Baksidan är, att ju fler olika människor med olika bakgrund som är involverade i ett projekt desto svårare blir det att kommunicera inom gruppen av olika individer och svårare att komma vidare i en design- och utvecklingsprocess. Vi har under våren deltagit som en del i ett större programvaruutvecklingsprojekt och skapat och använt oss av flera olika designartefakter som medel för att främja samarbete, kommunikation och designarbetet av den produkt vi utvecklade. I denna uppsats beskriver vi hur dessa designartefakter har kommit till, förändrats och hur de har påverkat oss och vårt designarbete. Syftet med uppsatsen är att visa på vilket sätt man kan integrera metoder från olika discipliner i ett programvaruutvecklingsprojekt och framförallt hur arbetet med, och kring designartefakter spelar en viktig roll i utvecklingen av en produkt.