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  • 1. Aaboen, Lise
    et al.
    Löfsten, Hans
    Bengtsson, Lars
    Nourishment for the piggy bank: facilitation of external financing in incubators2011In: International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation, ISSN 1470-6075, E-ISSN 1741-5284, Vol. 10, no 3/4, p. 354-374Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we argue that incubators facilitate access to external financing for their incubatees. Incubators use a wide range of activities to facilitate the accessing of external financing from public and private sources. We have grouped these into two sets of activities. The general activities aim to develop the conditions for external financing through information, education of incubatees, network-building and lobbying activities. The specific activities aim to assist the individual incubatee in their pursuit of external finance through help in application procedures, establishing need for capital, making contacts with the best public or private investor, etc. Based on the survey data, we have also shown that it is more common for incubatees to attract external capital compared to non-incubator firms. The incubatees seem especially successful in attracting public capital. The incubatees also attract more private external capital, however, the observed frequency of private capital in the incubatees are low.

  • 2.
    Aagaard, Anna-Eva Sparf
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Management.
    Group Structure: Specialists and Generalists2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year))Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this thesis is to discuss and explore the subject of organizing generalists and specialists. The purpose of this thesis is to explore and discuss different alternatives on organizational grouping from a generalists and specialists perspective. It will explore theories around organizational design, different organizational structures and give insight to the specialist and generalist function that can be found in most types of organizations. The aim is to be able to present different aspects of organizing generalists and specialists and to be able to answer the problem question: Is there a best organizational structure for specialist and generalist groups? The study is a qualitative study and the process of induction will be used. The epistemological standpoint is interprevistic and the ontological is more towards constructionism. The methods used are 1) the collection of and qualitative analysis of texts and documents and 2) qualitative semi-structured interviewing. The analysis is based on grounded theory method. The result and conclusions of the study is that generalists most likely do fit better in organizational forms such as simple structure, adhocracy and network organizations. Specialists tend to prefer bureaucracy or functional/unitary organizations. Keywords: generalists, specialists, organization, group structure

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  • 3.
    Aagesson, Ingela
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Health Science.
    Hammarström, Matilda
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Health Science.
    Vad är det för vits med humor i vården?2006Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor)Student thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund. Skratt och humor inom vården kan minska stress, oro, rädsla och utbrändhet. Humor kan även bygga relationer och lätta upp stämningen. Humor kan användas som kommunikationsmedel mellan människor. Syfte. Syftet med studien var att belysa hur humor i vården påverkar patienter och personal. Metod. Litteraturstudie där sju vetenskapliga artiklar granskades och analyserades med inspiration av Graneheim och Lundmans (2004) analysmodell. Resultat. Studiens resultat påvisade att humor ansågs ha en viktig funktion i vården. Humor hjälpte till att bemästra svåra situationer, att hantera känslor, bidra till välbefinnande och påverka relationen och kommunikationen. Slutsats. Inom vården uppfattades humor vara viktig för både vårdpersonal och patienter. Humor ansågs kunna påverka patienter och vårdpersonal genom att vara en hjälp till att bemästra situationer, bidra till välbefinnande, hantera känslor och underlätta relationen och kommunikationen.

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  • 4.
    Aandahl, Hanna
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Planning and Media Design.
    Tryggare Park: Åtgärdsförslag för Kroksbäcksparken ur ett trygghetsperspektiv2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year))Student thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Kan trygghet skapas? Trygghetsfrågorna har fått ett allt större utrymme i debatten om staden. Forskningen och debatten är långt ifrån entydig och recepten på trygghet varierar kraftigt mellan olika länder. Grovt kan de förespråkade åtgärderna delas in i två läger: säkerhet och trygghet. ”Säkerhet” med framför allt situationell brottsprevention med den filosofin att skadegörelse, våld och stölder leder till otrygghet, vilket i sin tur leder till att människor inte vågar ta plats i det offentliga rummet. Konsekvensen blir att de offentliga platserna mister sin sociala kontroll, och kriminalitet och otryggheten får ytterligare spelrum. ”Trygghet” förespråkar istället skapandet av en levande stad där folk vågar ta plats och på så sätt utöva en social och informell övervakning. I detta arbete undersöker jag hur tryggheten fungerar och hur den kan ökas i en otrygg park i södra Malmö -Kroksbäcksparken,

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  • 5.
    Aarthun, Tobias
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology.
    Sokolovic, Marko
    Blekinge Institute of Technology.
    Adaptiv musik i digitala spel: dess funktion och inverkan på spelaren2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Adaptive music allows game developers to implement music that responds to other game parameters. Thus, the music can follow the game's narrative in real time, thereby contributing to an immersive experience. In a game with adaptive music, the player has agency and influence on the music, while at the same time the music also has agency and influence on the player. In this bachelor thesis, we have investigated how adaptive music could affect player performance by looking at elements that may influence this issue, such as music features and stress. We have conducted tests as well as combined quantitative with qualitative methods which enabled us to dive deeper in this question and get into the details, while at the same time obtaining broader and more comprehensive knowledge about the role of adaptive music in games. In the text, we describe the practical work with all of  it’s technical ingredients that we performed to create and implement adaptive music in a game. Finally, we also provide an account of the collected data, a methodically conducted analysis, and an in-depth discussion that reflects on the work and suggests how to continue researching this subject.

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    BTH2018AarthunSokolovic
  • 6.
    Aav, Cornelia
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Spatial Planning.
    Stadens mikroklimat: Hur värmeöeffekten och värmeböljor påverkar det urbana livet2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Det finns en mängd miljöproblem på global, regional och lokal nivå, kunskap om de lokala miljöproblemen kan bli avgörande för förståelsen av vilka åtgärder som är lämpliga i vilka miljöer. Lokala miljöproblem är också mindre komplicerade och lättare att åtgärda relaterat till de regionala och globala problemen. Sedan urbaniseringens början har landskapen förändrats och ytor av öppen landsbygd har bildat stadsmiljöer för att ge utrymme till bland annat boende och arbetsplatser för människorna i staden. Urbaniseringen har lett till att urbana värmeöar har uppstått på grund av föroreningar från industrier, trafik, bostäder, värmesystem, luftpartiklars återstrålningseffekt, bebyggelsens utformning samt materialval, minskad avdunstningsavkylning, effektiv dränering och mycket mer.

    Flerfallstudien av några av Sveriges kommuners översiktsplaner och andra ledande dokument leder till en inblick i vad som anses vara hållbar stadsutveckling. Förtätning är en återkommande strategi för hållbar stadsutveckling inom ett flertal av Sveriges kommuner, ofta utifrån positiva sociala effekter, såsom ökad säkerhet, närhet mellan målpunkter, ökat underlag för kollektivtrafik etcetera. Det finns en mängd olika åtgärder för att minska stadens klimatpåverkan ur värmesynpunkt, en del är mer kostsamma än andra, samtidigt är en del mer experimentella än andra. En stad som förtätas innebär att outnyttjade eller redan bebyggda områden i staden exploateras, detta innebär att staden växer inåt. Då staden blir tätare och växer uppstår flera lokala miljöproblem, bland annat så ökar den urbana värmeöeffekten. Det talas sällan om de negativa miljöeffekter som uppstår vid olika planeringsprojekt, men att använda konkreta och enkla lösningar för att få fram genomförbara alternativ, kan leda till att värmeöeffekten samt miljöpåverkan minskar i städerna.

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    Stadens mikroklimat
  • 7.
    Abari, Farzad Foroughi
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Department of Signal Processing.
    Optimization of Audio Processing algorithms (Reverb) on ARMv6 family of processors2008Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years))Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Audio processing algorithms are increasingly used in cell phones and today’s customers are placing more demands on cell phones. Feature phones, once the advent of mobile phone technology, nowadays do more than just providing the user with MP3 play back or advanced audio effects. These features have become an integral part of medium as well as low-end phones. On the other hand, there is also an endeavor to include as improved quality as possible into products to compete in market and satisfy users’ needs. Tackling the above requirements has been partly satisfied by the advance in hardware design and manufacturing technology. However, as new hardware emerges into market the need for competence to write efficient software and exploit the new features thoroughly and effectively arises. Even though compilers are also keeping up with the new tide space for hand optimized code still exist. Wrapped in the above goal, an effort was made in this thesis to partly cover the competence requirement at Multimedia Section (part of Ericsson Mobile Platforms) to develope optimized code for new processors. Forging persistently ahead with new products, EMP has always incorporated the latest technology into its products among which ARMv6 family of processors has the main central processing role in a number of upcoming products. To fully exploit latest features provided by ARMv6, it was required to probe its new instruction set among which new media processing instructions are of outmost importance. In order to execute DSP-intensive algorithms (e.g. Audio Processing algorithms) efficiently, the implementation should be done in low-level code applying available instruction set. Meanwhile, ARMv6 comes with a number of new features in comparison with its predecessors. SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) and VFP (Vector Floating Point) are the most prominent media processing improvements in ARMv6. Aligned with thesis goals and guidelines, Reverb algorithm which is among one of the most complicated audio features on a hand-held devices was probed. Consequently, its kernel parts were identified and implementation was done both in fixed-point and floating-point using the available resources on hardware. Besides execution time and amount of code memory for each part were measured and provided in tables and charts for comparison purposes. Conclusions were finally drawn based on developed code’s efficiency over ARM compiler’s as well as existing code already developed and tailored to ARMv5 processors. The main criteria for optimization was the execution time. Moreover, quantization effect due to limited precision fixed-point arithmetic was formulated and its effect on quality was elaborated. The outcomes, clearly indicate that hand optimization of kernel parts are superior to Compiler optimized alternative both from the point of code memory as well as execution time. The results also confirmed the presumption that hand optimized code using new instruction set can improve efficiency by an average 25%-50% depending on the algorithm structure and its interaction with other parts of audio effect. Despite its many draw backs, fixed-point implementation remains yet to be the dominant implementation for majority of DSP algorithms on low-power devices.

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  • 8. Abarkan, Abdellah
    The study of urban form in Sweden2009In: Urban Morphology, ISSN 1027-4278 , Vol. 13, no 2, p. 121-127Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Early research on urban form in Sweden was undertaken before the First World War. After the Second World War research was influenced by the major criticisms levelled at comprehensive urban renewal and suburban mass housing. These criticisms were particularly on the ground that values embodied in the traditional built environment were being ignored. Increased interest in the study of historical urban fabrics was associated with the development of methodologies reliant on the concepts of typology and morphology. These development were dependent on the activities of individual researchers until the very recent development of wider co-ordinating research organizations.

  • 9.
    Abarkan, Abdellah
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Spatial Planning.
    Urbanism - fundamentals and prospects2021In: Urban morphology, ISSN 1027-4278, Vol. 25, no 2, p. 223-225Article, book review (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Abbadi, Ahmad
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Kokoroskos, Emmanouil
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Stamets, Matthew
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Vetrano, Davide L.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Orsini, Nicola
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Elmståhl, Sölve
    Lund University.
    Fagerström, Cecilia
    Linnaeus University.
    Wimo, Anders
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Sköldunger, Anders
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Sanmartin Berglund, Johan
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Health.
    Olsson, Christina B.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Wachtler, Caroline
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Fratiglioni, Laura
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Calderón-Larrañaga, Amaia
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Validation of the Health Assessment Tool (HAT) based on four aging cohorts from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care2024In: BMC Medicine, E-ISSN 1741-7015, Vol. 22, no 1, article id 236Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: As global aging accelerates, routinely assessing the functional status and morbidity burden of older patients becomes paramount. The aim of this study is to assess the validity of the comprehensive clinical and functional Health Assessment Tool (HAT) based on four cohorts of older adults (60 + years) from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care (SNAC) spanning urban, suburban, and rural areas.

    Methods: The HAT integrates five health indicators (gait speed, global cognition, number of chronic diseases, and basic and instrumental activities of daily living), providing an individual-level score between 0 and 10. The tool was constructed using nominal response models, first separately for each cohort and then in a harmonized dataset. Outcomes included all-cause mortality over a maximum follow-up of 16 years and unplanned hospital admissions over a maximum of 3 years of follow-up. The predictive capacity was assessed through the area under the curve (AUC) using logistic regressions. For time to death, Cox regressions were performed, and Harrell’s C-indices were reported. Results from the four cohorts were pooled using individual participant data meta-analysis and compared with those from the harmonized dataset.

    Results: The HAT demonstrated high predictive capacity across all cohorts as well as in the harmonized dataset. In the harmonized dataset, the AUC was 0.84 (95% CI 0.81–0.87) for 1-year mortality, 0.81 (95% CI 0.80–0.83) for 3-year mortality, 0.80 (95% CI 0.79–0.82) for 5-year mortality, 0.69 (95% CI 0.67–0.70) for 1-year unplanned admissions, and 0.69 (95% CI 0.68–0.70) for 3-year unplanned admissions. The Harrell’s C for time-to-death throughout 16 years of follow-up was 0.75 (95% CI 0.74–0.75).

    Conclusions: The HAT is a highly predictive, clinically intuitive, and externally valid instrument with potential for better addressing older adults’ health needs and optimizing risk stratification at the population level. © The Author(s) 2024.

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  • 11.
    ABBAS, FAHEEM
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science and Engineering.
    Intelligent Container Stacking System at Seaport Container Terminal2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Context: The workload at seaport container terminal is increasing gradually. We need to improve the performance of terminal to fulfill the demand. The key section of the container terminal is container stacking yard which is an integral part of the seaside and the landside. So its performance has the effects on both sides. The main problem in this area is unproductive moves of containers. However, we need a well-planned stacking area in order to increase the performance of terminal and maximum utilization of existing resources.

    Objectives: In this work, we have analyzed the existing container stacking system at Helsingborg seaport container terminal, Sweden, investigated the already provided solutions of the problem and find the best optimization technique to get the best possible solution. After this, suggest the solution, test the proposed solution and analyzed the simulation based results with respect to the desired solution.

    Methods: To identify the problem, methods and proposed solutions of the given problem in the domain of container stacking yard management, a literature review has been conducted by using some e-resources/databases. A GA with best parametric values is used to get the best optimize solution. A discrete event simulation model for container stacking in the yard has been build and integrated with genetic algorithm. A proposed mathematical model to show the dependency of cost minimization on the number of containers’ moves.

    Results: The GA has been achieved the high fitness value versus generations for 150 containers to storage at best location in a block with 3 tier levels and to minimize the unproductive moves in the yard. A comparison between Genetic Algorithm and Tabu Search has been made to verify that the GA has performed better than other algorithm or not. A simulation model with GA has been used to get the simulation based results and to show the container handling by using resources like AGVs, yard crane and delivery trucks and container stacking and retrieval system in the yard. The container stacking cost is directly proportional to the number of moves has been shown by the mathematical model.

    Conclusions: We have identified the key factor (unproductive moves) that is the base of other key factors (time & cost) and has an effect on the performance of the stacking yard and overall the whole seaport terminal. We have focused on this drawback of stacking system and proposed a solution that makes this system more efficient. Through this, we can save time and cost both. A Genetic Algorithm is a best approach to solve the unproductive moves problem in container stacking system.

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  • 12.
    Abbas, Gulfam
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Computing.
    Asif, Naveed
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Computing.
    Performance Tradeoffs in Software Transactional Memory2010Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years))Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Transactional memory (TM), a new programming paradigm, is one of the latest approaches to write programs for next generation multicore and multiprocessor systems. TM is an alternative to lock-based programming. It is a promising solution to a hefty and mounting problem that programmers are facing in developing programs for Chip Multi-Processor (CMP) architectures by simplifying synchronization to shared data structures in a way that is scalable and compos-able. Software Transactional Memory (STM) a full software approach of TM systems can be defined as non-blocking synchronization mechanism where sequential objects are automatically converted into concurrent objects. In this thesis, we present performance comparison of four different STM implementations – RSTM of V. J. Marathe, et al., TL2 of D. Dice, et al., TinySTM of P. Felber, et al. and SwissTM of A. Dragojevic, et al. It helps us in deep understanding of potential tradeoffs involved. It further helps us in assessing, what are the design choices and configuration parameters that may provide better ways to build better and efficient STMs. In particular, suitability of an STM is analyzed against another STM. A literature study is carried out to sort out STM implementations for experimentation. An experiment is performed to measure performance tradeoffs between these STM implementations. The empirical evaluations done as part of this thesis conclude that SwissTM has significantly higher throughput than state-of-the-art STM implementations, namely RSTM, TL2, and TinySTM, as it outperforms consistently well while measuring execution time and aborts per commit parameters on STAMP benchmarks. The results taken in transaction retry rate measurements show that the performance of TL2 is better than RSTM, TinySTM and SwissTM.

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  • 13.
    Abbas, Zeshan
    et al.
    Shenzhen Polytechnic University, China.
    Deng, Jianxiong
    Shenzhen Polytechnic University, China.
    Zhao, Lun
    Shenzhen Polytechnic University, China.
    Islam, Md. Shafiqul
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
    Surface-conformed approach for mechanical property analysis using ultrasonic welding of dissimilar metals2024In: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, ISSN 0268-3768, E-ISSN 1433-3015, Vol. 132, no 7-8, p. 3447-3466Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, dissimilar aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) metals were joined together using ultrasonic metal welding (USMW), a solid-state welding technology. From the perspective of increasing the base metal welding contact area, the Cu/Al mating surface was innovatively prepared and ultrasonically welded. A comprehensive analysis was carried out on the forming quality, welding process temperature, interface structure, and mechanical properties of the welded joint. Defect-free and squeezed welds were successfully achieved by machining novel patterns especially C4-2. The results indicated that the reference joint can withstand higher loads, but its failure mode is very unstable. Failure may occur at welded interface and on the aluminum plate which is not good for actual production applications. Welded strength of reference joint was 4493 N, and the welded strength of C4-2 joint was 3691 N. However, microscopic analysis discovered that the welded joint internal morphology in C4-2 was more stable and hardest. C4-2 joint has successfully achieved higher tensile strength and stability under failure displacement of 38% which is higher than C4-1 joint. All welded joint failures occurred on aluminum plate, indicating that the joint strength is higher than that of bottom plate. This is attributed to unique structural design of chiseled joint and lesser thickness. SEM–EDS results investigated that the C4-2 joint can transfer more energy to area under welding head which provides welded joint with robust diffusion capacity. The transition layer has a higher thickness while the energy transferred to area away from welding head was smaller. Thickness of transition layer is significantly reduced and reference joint has similar diffusion characteristics. Conversely, the thickness of the transition layer at the corresponding position is smaller than that of pattern morphology. This is due to overall smaller thickness of the pattern joint which is more conducive to the transfer of welding energy. The surface-conformed approach and comprehensive temperature analysis provide a new understanding of USMW in dissimilar welded metals. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

  • 14.
    Abbas, Zeshan
    et al.
    Shenzhen Polytechnic University, China.
    Teng, Fan
    Shenzhen Polytechnic University, China.
    Zhao, Lun
    Shenzhen Polytechnic University, China.
    Islam, Md. Shafiqul
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
    Influence of Patterns on Mechanical Properties of Ultrasonically Welded Joints in Copper Substrate and Wire2024In: Metals and Materials International, ISSN 1598-9623, E-ISSN 2005-4149, Vol. 30, no 8, p. 2250-2268Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ultrasonic wire welding is considered a method of choice for creating reliable interconnects in electronics industry including aerospace, batteries and electric vehicles. In this paper, ultrasonic welding tests between EVR252 copper wire and substrate are carried out. Novel pattern morphologies are machined on substrates to explore its influence on mechanical properties of welded joint. Patterns are divided into three different categories e.g., original surface, vertical and horizontal shapes. Cracks, microstructure strength and tensile properties of welded joint are studied and its joining mechanism is analysed. Compared with the reference substrate (S1), the welded joint performance of the longitudinal patterns (S2, S3, S4) has been improved, among which the longitudinal pattern (S4) has the most significant improvement (+ 15%). Likewise, the performance of transverse pattern (S5) welded joints is relatively poor (− 16%). The microstructural analysis using SEM has revealed predominant joint strength on Cu wire surface while maintaining rock-like and compact properties of S4 substrate. Upper side of wire-harness compactness is frequently observed due to vertical direction of patterns on substrate and also increases the strength of welded joint. Values of failure load, failure displacement and failure energy absorption were increased by 7.9%, 72% and 35% for S2, 6.1%, 75% and 42% for S3 and 15%, 87% and 113% for S4 compared to S1. Failure modes of welded joints are mainly characterized into: 1-poor ductility or rupture (no deformation) failure in vertical 3-line pattern joints 2-cylindrical deep holes failure in vertical 3-line zigzag pattern joints and 3-bulging effect failure in horizontal 3-line zigzag pattern joints. Point and line scans EDS measurement were performed to investigate weaker and stable trends of different locations in welded joints. In S4 substrate, 17.9% carbon content at the position of welded joint was investigated, leading to content of less oxides and fraction impurities. However, S1 weld zone contains 38.7% carbon content which can weaken welded joint and reduce durability. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.). © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Korean Institute of Metals and Materials 2024.

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  • 15.
    Abbas, Zeshan
    et al.
    Shenzhen Polytechnic University, China.
    Zhao, Lun
    Shenzhen Polytechnic University, China.
    Su, Jianxiong
    Shenzhen Polytechnic University, China.
    Zhang, Peng
    Shenzhen Polytechnic University, China.
    Deng, Jianxiong
    Shenzhen Polytechnic University, China.
    Jiaqi, Zeng
    Shenzhen Polytechnic University, China.
    Patel, Vivek
    University West.
    Saboor, Hafiz Abdul
    Shanghai University, China.
    Islam, Md. Shafiqul
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
    Investigation of forming quality and failure behaviours of multilayered welded joints using ultrasonic double roller welding2024In: Alexandria Engineering Journal, ISSN 1110-0168, E-ISSN 2090-2670, Vol. 107, p. 491-506Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ultrasonic metal welding machines are suitable for various complex applications (e.g., battery tabs) through unique mechanical design, special pressure application methods and high-precision welding. This work reports the weldability, forming quality and fractographic analysis of copper multilayered welded joints which were studied by SEM-EDS characterization, micro-hardness testing and tensile testing based on ultrasonic double roller welding (UDRW). Three groups of process parameters (A, B and C) were established to investigate the performance, production quality and welded joint surface interconnections. The tensile testing results of sample under parameter 3 in group A [S-P3(A)] indicate the maximum tensile strength of 69.859 N in T-peel test while the average tensile strength has increased by 58.525 N due to rise in welding time from 2 sec to 5 sec. The results analysis indicates that welding quality features in S-P3(A) joints under 4 bar, 100 mm/s, 45 % have been exploited. The over-welded zone was transformed into good-welded zone. The micro-cracks, fatigue stations and peeling texture in multilayers were reduced. It was found that when the welding energy was 10000 J then the tearing edges and interlayers cracks were minimized while keeping the other parameters constant. Moreover, when the amplitude increased up to 50 %, then numerous micro-cracks and micro-fissure stations were created, which leads to the occurrence of fracture in multi-layer welded joint. The EDS study investigated that the complex features are formed at the interface junction of sample 3 S3(A) in multilayer welds. The complex multilayer microstructures can induce and produce unique hardness properties for battery manufacturing. It leads to high quality and durable welds. Eventually, it is experimentally demonstrated that robust 40 layer welded joints can be obtained by the UDRW process. Data availability: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. © 2024 The Authors

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  • 16.
    ABBASIAN, ARMIN
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Spatial Planning.
    Importance of Urban Squares as Public Space in Social Life: A New Design of Fisktorget in Karlskrona City2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Nowadays, the impact of technological growth‏ ‏on people’s life and our society is remarkable, ‎inevitable and also worrying. The excessive influence of technology in ‎individuals’ lives has caused our community to change towards more privatisation and ‎secluded life. At this point, the role of urban public spaces in social life has become more ‎prominent and significant. Issues of social life in public spaces and the relations with creating a ‎vibrant and dynamic city has not been given too much attention in urban planning and design. ‎This thesis raises the question of considering public spaces and how urban public spaces ‎‎(especially squares) can encourage/persuade citizens ‎to increase social interaction‎. Initially, it describes a clear definition of public spaces and urban squares. Thereafter, the study addresses ‎effectual factors from the human perspective which can help to achieve the successful design of an ‎urban public square. The aim of the work is to comprehend how it might be possible to improve ‎social life and behaviour in public spaces (squares) and consequently to attain a framework in ‎order to design. Ultimately, a design is proposed for Fisktorget (Fish Square), which is one of most important public places in the Karlskrona city in Sweden. The proposed design is based on studies and analyses that have been done throughout this thesis. 

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  • 17.
    Abbireddy, Sharath
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science and Engineering.
    A Model for Capacity Planning in Cassandra: Case Study on Ericsson’s Voucher System2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Cassandra is a NoSQL(Not only Structured Query Language) database which serves large amount of data with high availability .Cassandra data storage dimensioning also known as Cassandra capacity planning refers to predicting the amount of disk storage required when a particular product is deployed using Cassandra. This is an important phase in any product development lifecycle involving Cassandra data storage system. The capacity planning is based on many factors which are classified as Cassandra specific and Product specific.This study is to identify the different Cassandra specific and product specific factors affecting the disk space in Cassandra data storage system. Based on these factors a model is to be built which would predict the disk storage for Ericsson’s voucher system.A case-study is conducted on Ericsson’s voucher system and its Cassandra cluster. Interviews were conducted on different Cassandra users within Ericsson R&D to know their opinion on capacity planning approaches and factors affecting disk space for Cassandra. Responses from the interviews were transcribed and analyzed using grounded theory.A total of 9 Cassandra specific factors and 3 product specific factors are identified and documented. Using these 12 factors a model was built. This model was used in predicting the disk space required for voucher system’s Cassandra.The factors affecting disk space for deploying Cassandra are now exhaustively identified. This makes the capacity planning process more efficient. Using these factors the Voucher system’s disk space for deployment is predicted successfully.

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  • 18.
    Abdalameir, Hussein
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
    Daher, Maher
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
    Standardization of interfaces for electrical cabinets: How to optimize time saving and cost efficiency for electrical cabinets in submarines2022Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In general, it is very complicated to build submarines. There are many parts and equipment that must be in place, and there are tight spaces on the boat. As submarine development progresses and new modern concepts take shape, the installation of new equipment on board becomes more complex, placing higher demands on well-defined interfaces, both geometrically and logically. The approach to electrical cabinets today is to run the cables from the bottom or top through a cable transit system, and only after the cabinet is installed on the submarine can the cables be installed in the proper terminals. This means that the installation takes a lot of time and combined with the fact that there are so many cables sticking out of the cable grommet, the work becomes even more superficial as installers are also constrained by the tight space. Sometimes workers also must move around to make room for others to pass through other parts of the submarine. This means that workers must leave their jobs and move before resuming their work. The following can happen several times a day, which means more time is needed to install electrical cabinets on the submarine.

     

    Purpose: The purpose of this work is to develop and design a solution that is a standardized interface for equipment in the form of electrical cabinets that are present and used in submarines. In this way, the solution must be able to satisfy the different interfaces of the devices that the different subcontractors provide to the company. The created proposals must be illustrated with a CAD software to visualize the concept.

     

    Methodology: The research methodology used in this project is a combination of Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Design Thinking (DT).

     

    Result: The result presents a solution (ISO-box) that shows that it is possible to reduce and optimize the time to install the cabinet once the cabinet is permanently mounted on the submarine. The solution is presented in the form of a CAD model. The model is set up so that all the cables coming from the cable transit system have an adapter at the end, which has a counterpart in a box to the cabinet that is installed on the submarine. Then when the cabinet is assembled, all that must be done is to plug the right connector into the right place in this box. The box has colors for the connectors and numbering that makes it easier for the installer to know which adapter to use.

     

    Conclusions: The work shows that it is quite possible to change the current solution so that less time is needed in the final assembly of the cabinets. It will be easier to just connect the contacts and then leave room for others to pass in the confined spaces. It will also be easier to maintain, as the installer can replace broken contacts as the solution is modular, and there is the possibility of installing new equipment with ISO-box if necessary.

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  • 19.
    Abdallah, Lana
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Economics.
    Persson, Mattias
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Economics.
    The effects of environmental uncertainty conditions on organisational innovativeness and performance of SMEs.2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year))Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Innovativeness is considered to be an important factor for firm’s survival and their ability to compete in today’s market. Therefore, researchers have become more interested in studying innovativeness and its drivers. Studies have also showed that there’s a positive relationship between environmental uncertainty and innovativeness. Organisations are responsive to turbulent environments through innovativeness in order to stay competitive and improve performance. The purpose of this thesis is to rank critical environmental factor’s effect on organisational innovativeness of small and medium enterprises in Sweden, through investigating the impact of market/demand turbulence and technological turbulence on innovativeness. Additionally, we want to examine the relationship between innovativeness and business performance, as well as the indirect relationship between environmental uncertainty and performance. Based on previous literature, we have developed hypotheses and proposed a research model to study the formulated problems. Data for the study were collected from 50 SMEs in Sweden, through a survey with well-known scales and were analysed using regression analysis. The results of the study, reveal that environmental uncertainty has a positive effect on the innovativeness of SMEs. In addition, technological turbulence showed to have a positive significant effect on an SME’s innovativeness; however, contrary to general belief, market/demand turbulence did not have any prominent effect. Our findings also proved that innovativeness have a strong positive impact on business performance, and that only technological turbulence have an indirect influence on performance through innovativeness. This study aimed to contribute to the management a better understanding, of which conditions of environmental turbulences SMEs should adapt to, in order to increase their level of innovativeness. Keywords: environmental uncertainty, organizational innovativeness, performance, market/demand turbulence, technological turbulence, SMEs.

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  • 20.
    Abdeen, Waleed
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Software Engineering.
    Reducing the Distance Between Requirements Engineering and Verification2022Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Requirements engineering and verification (REV) processes play es-sential roles in software product development. There are physical and non-physicaldistances between entities (actors, artifacts, and activities) in these processes. Cur-rent practices that reduce the distances, such as automated testing and alignmentof document structure and tracing only partially close the above mentioned gap.Objective The aim of this thesis is to investigate solutions w.r.t their abilityto reduce the distances between requirements engineering and verification. Twotechniques that are explored in this thesis are automated testing (model-basedtesting, MBT) and alignment of document structure and tracing (traceability).Method The research methods used in this thesis are systematic mapping, soft-ware requirements mining, case study, literature survey, validation study, and de-sign science.Results MBT and traceability are effective in reducing the distance between re-quirements and verification. However, both activities have some shortcoming thatneeds to be addressed when used for that purpose. Current MBT techniques inthe context of software performance do not attain all the goals of MBT: 1) require-ments validation, 2) checking the testability of requirements, and 3) the generationof an efficient test suite. These goals are essential to reduce the distance. We de-veloped and assessed performance requirements verification and test environmentgeneration approach to tackle these shortcomings. Also, traceability between re-quirements and verification suffers from the low granularity of trace links and doesnot support the verification of all requirements. We propose the use of taxonomictrace links to trace and align the structure of requirements specifications and ver-ification artifacts. The results from the validation study show that the solution isfeasible in practice. However, this comes with challenges that need to be addressed.Conclusion MBT and improved traceability reduce multiple distances betweenactors, artifacts, and activities in the requirements engineering and verificationprocess. MBT is most effective in reducing the distances when the model used isbuilt from the requirements. Traceability is essential in easing access to relevantinformation when needed and should not be seen as an overhead. When creatingtrace links, we need to consider the difference in the abstraction, structure, andtime between the linked artifacts

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  • 21.
    Abdeen, Waleed
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Software Engineering.
    Taxonomic Trace Links Recommender: Context Aware Hierarchical Classification2023In: CEUR Workshop Proceedings / [ed] Ferrari A., Penzenstadler B., Penzenstadler B., Hadar I., Oyedeji S., Abualhaija S., Vogelsang A., Deshpande G., Rachmann A., Gulden J., Wohlgemuth A., Hess A., Fricker S., Guizzardi R., Horkoff J., Perini A., Susi A., Karras O., Dalpiaz F., Moreira A., Amyot D., Spoletini P., CEUR-WS , 2023, Vol. 3378Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the taxonomic trace links concept, the source and target artifacts are connected through knowledge organization structure (e.g., taxonomy). We introduce in this paper a recommender system that recommends labels to requirements artifacts from domain-specific taxonomy to establish taxonomic trace links. The tool exploits the hierarchical nature of taxonomies and uses requirements text and context information as input to the recommender. © 2023 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

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  • 22.
    Abdeen, Waleed
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Software Engineering.
    Chen, Xingru
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Software Engineering.
    Model-Based Testing for Performance Requirements: A Systematic Mapping Study and A Sample Study2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Model-Based Testing is a method that supports automated test design by using amodel. Although it is adopted in industrial, it is still an open area within performancerequirements. We aim to look into MBT for performance requirements and find out aframework that can model the performance requirements. We conducted a systematicmapping study, after that we conducted a sample study on software requirementsspecifications, then we introduced the Performance Requirements Verification andValidation (PRVV) model and finally, we completed another sample study to seehow the model works in practice. We found that there are many models can beused for performance requirement while the maturity is not enough. MBT can beimplemented in the context of performance, and it has been gaining momentum inrecent years compared to earlier. The PRVV model we developed can verify theperformance requirements and help to generate the test case.

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  • 23.
    Abdeen, Waleed
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Software Engineering.
    Chen, Xingru
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Software Engineering.
    Unterkalmsteiner, Michael
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Software Engineering.
    An approach for performance requirements verification and test environments generation2023In: Requirements Engineering, ISSN 0947-3602, E-ISSN 1432-010X, Vol. 28, no 1, p. 117-144Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Model-based testing (MBT) is a method that supports the design and execution of test cases by models that specify theintended behaviors of a system under test. While systematic literature reviews on MBT in general exist, the state of the arton modeling and testing performance requirements has seen much less attention. Therefore, we conducted a systematic map-ping study on model-based performance testing. Then, we studied natural language software requirements specificationsin order to understand which and how performance requirements are typically specified. Since none of the identified MBTtechniques supported a major benefit of modeling, namely identifying faults in requirements specifications, we developed thePerformance Requirements verificatiOn and Test EnvironmentS generaTion approach (PRO-TEST). Finally, we evaluatedPRO-TEST on 149 requirements specifications. We found and analyzed 57 primary studies from the systematic mappingstudy and extracted 50 performance requirements models. However, those models don’t achieve the goals of MBT, whichare validating requirements, ensuring their testability, and generating the minimum required test cases. We analyzed 77 Soft-ware Requirements Specification (SRS) documents, extracted 149 performance requirements from those SRS, and illustratethat with PRO-TEST we can model performance requirements, find issues in those requirements and detect missing ones.We detected three not-quantifiable requirements, 43 not-quantified requirements, and 180 underspecified parameters in the149 modeled performance requirements. Furthermore, we generated 96 test environments from those models. By modelingperformance requirements with PRO-TEST, we can identify issues in the requirements related to their ambiguity, measur-ability, and completeness. Additionally, it allows to generate parameters for test environments

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  • 24.
    Abdeen, Waleed
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Software Engineering.
    Unterkalmsteiner, Michael
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Software Engineering.
    Chirtoglou, Alexandros
    HOCHTIEF ViCon GmbH, DEU.
    Paul Schimanski, Christoph
    HOCHTIEF ViCon GmbH, DEU.
    Goli, Heja
    HOCHTIEF ViCon GmbH, DEU.
    Wnuk, Krzysztof
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Software Engineering.
    Taxonomic Trace Links - Rethinking Traceability and its BenefitsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Traceability is an important quality of artifacts that are used in knowledge-intensive tasks. When projectbudgets and time pressure are a reality, this leads often to a down-prioritization of creating trace links. Objective:We propose a new idea that uses knowledge organization structures, such as taxonomies, ontologies and thesauri, asan auxiliary artifact to establish trace links. In order to investigate the novelty and feasibility of this idea, we studytraceability in the area of requirements engineering. Method: First, we conduct a literature survey to investigate towhat extent and how auxiliary artifacts have been used in the past for requirements traceability. Then, we conduct avalidation study in industry, testing the idea of taxonomic trace links with realistic artifacts. Results: We have reviewed126 studies that investigate requirements traceability; ninetey-one of them use auxiliary artifacts in the traceabilityprocess. In the validation study, while we have encountered six challenges when classifying requirements with a domain-specific taxonomy, we found that designers and engineers are able to classify design objects comprehensively and reliably.Conclusions: The idea of taxonomic trace links is novel and feasible in practice. However, the identified challenges needto be addressed to allow for an adoption in practice and enable a transfer to software intensive contexts.

  • 25.
    Abdeen, Waleed
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Software Engineering.
    Unterkalmsteiner, Michael
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Software Engineering.
    Wnuk, Krzysztof
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Software Engineering.
    Chirtoglou, Alexandros
    Hochtief ViCon GmbH, Germany.
    Schimanski, Christoph
    Hochtief ViCon GmbH, Germany.
    Goli, Heja
    Hochtief ViCon GmbH, Germany.
    Multi-Label Requirements Classification with Large Taxonomies2024In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering / [ed] Liebel G., Hadar I., Spoletini P., IEEE Computer Society, 2024, p. 264-274Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context and motivation:

    Classification aids software development activities by organizing requirements in classes for easier access and retrieval. The majority of requirements classification research has, so far, focused on binary or multi-class classification.

    Question/problem:

    Multi-label classification with large taxonomies could aid requirements traceability but is prohibitively costly with supervised training. Hence, we investigate zero-short learning to evaluate the feasibility of multi-label requirements classification with large taxonomies.

    Principal ideas/results:

    We associated, together with domain experts from the industry, 129 requirements with 769 labels from taxonomies ranging between 250 and 1183 classes. Then, we conducted a controlled experiment to study the impact of the type of classifier, the hierarchy, and the structural characteristics of taxonomies on the classification performance. The results show that: (1) The sentence-based classifier had a significantly higher recall compared to the word-based classifier; however, the precision and F1-score did not improve significantly. (2) The hierarchical classification strategy did not always improve the performance of requirements classification. (3) The total and leaf nodes of the taxonomies have a strong negative correlation with the recall of the hierarchical sentence-based classifier.

    Contribution:

    We investigate the problem of multi-label requirements classification with large taxonomies, illustrate a systematic process to create a ground truth involving industry participants, and provide an analysis of different classification pipelines using zero-shot learning. © 2024 IEEE.

  • 26.
    Abdeen, Waleed
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Software Engineering.
    Wnuk, Krzysztof
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Software Engineering.
    Unterkalmsteiner, Michael
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Software Engineering.
    Chirtoglou, Alexandros
    HOCHTIEF ViCon GmbH, Essen, DEU.
    Challenges of Requirements Communication and Digital Assets Verification in Infrastructure ProjectsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Context: In infrastructure projects with design-build contracts, the supplier delivers digital assets (e.g., 2D or 3Dmodels) as a part of the design deliverable. These digital assets should align with the customer requirements. Poorrequirements communication between the customer and the supplier is one of the reasons for project overrun. To thebest of our knowledge, no study have yet investigated challenges in requirements communication in the customer-supplierinterface.Objective: In this article, we investigated the processes of requirements validation, requirements communication, anddigital assets verification, and explored the challenges associated with these processes.Methods: We conducted two exploratory case studies. We interviewed ten experts working with digital assets fromthree companies working on two infrastructure projects (road and railway).Results: We illustrate the activities, stakeholders, and artifacts involved in requirements communication, requirementsvalidation, and digital asset verification. Furthermore, we identified 14 challenges (in four clusters: requirements quality,trace links, common requirements engineering (RE), and project management) and their causes and consequences inthose processes.Conclusion: Communication between the client and supplier in sub-contracted work in infrastructure projects is oftenindirect. This puts pressure on the quality of the tender documents (mainly requirements documents) that provides themeans for communication and controls the design verification processes. Hence, it is crucial to ensure the quality of therequirements documents by implementing quality assurance techniques

  • 27.
    Abdelraheem, Mohamed Ahmed
    et al.
    SICS Swedish ICT AB, SWE.
    Gehrmann, Christian
    SICS Swedish ICT AB, SWE.
    Lindström, Malin
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science and Engineering.
    Nordahl, Christian
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science and Engineering.
    Executing Boolean queries on an encrypted Bitmap index2016In: CCSW 2016 - Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Cloud Computing Security Workshop, co-located with CCS 2016, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2016, p. 11-22Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We propose a simple and efficient searchable symmetric encryption scheme based on a Bitmap index that evaluates Boolean queries. Our scheme provides a practical solution in settings where communications and computations are very constrained as it offers a suitable trade-off between privacy and performance.

  • 28.
    Abdelrasoul, Nader
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science and Engineering.
    Optimization Techniques For an Artificial Potential Fields Racing Car Controller2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years))Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Context. Building autonomous racing car controllers is a growing field of computer science which has been receiving great attention lately. An approach named Artificial Potential Fields (APF) is used widely as a path finding and obstacle avoidance approach in robotics and vehicle motion controlling systems. The use of APF results in a collision free path, it can also be used to achieve other goals such as overtaking and maneuverability. Objectives. The aim of this thesis is to build an autonomous racing car controller that can achieve good performance in terms of speed, time, and damage level. To fulfill our aim we need to achieve optimality in the controller choices because racing requires the highest possible performance. Also, we need to build the controller using algorithms that does not result in high computational overhead. Methods. We used Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in combination with APF to achieve optimal car controlling. The Open Racing Car Simulator (TORCS) was used as a testbed for the proposed controller, we have conducted two experiments with different configuration each time to test the performance of our APF- PSO controller. Results. The obtained results showed that using the APF-PSO controller resulted in good performance compared to top performing controllers. Also, the results showed that the use of PSO proved to enhance the performance compared to using APF only. High performance has been proven in the solo driving and in racing competitions, with the exception of an increased level of damage, however, the level of damage was not very high and did not result in a controller shut down. Conclusions. Based on the obtained results we have concluded that the use of PSO with APF results in high performance while taking low computational cost.

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  • 29.
    Abdelsamad, Deena
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Engineering.
    Video Transmission Jerkiness Measure2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor)Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Digital video transmission is widely used nowadays in multimedia. Frame dropping, freeze and reduced number of frames in the transmitted video are common symptoms of bad transmission quality. In order to assess the quality of transmission, a criterion is introduced in a model for a no reference video jerkiness measure [3]. This model is dierent from the former models presented as it depends on viewing conditions and video resolutions, so it is applicable for any frame size from QCIF to HD. The model uses simple mathematical equations of jerkiness and can be used for any video sequence [3]. A model of reduced reference method (Qtransmission) which depends on a pre-measured Jerkiness is introduced as a suggestion of future work.

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  • 30.
    Abdisa, Salome Raga
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Health.
    Jansson, Josefine
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Health.
    Livsstilsförändringar relaterad till kost och motion vid diabetes typ 2: Integrerande sammanställning av kvalitativ forskning – inspirerad av metasyntes2024Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 2 är ett allvarligt växande globalt hälsoproblem och står för ca 90% till 95% av all diabetes, med högst andel i låg-och medelinkomstländer. Diabetes typ 2 har utvecklats i samband med bland annat ökad konsumtion av ultraprocessade livsmedel, fetma, minskad fysisk aktivitet och ohälsosamma livsstils- och beteendemönster. Genom livsstilsförändringar med hälsosam kost- och motion kan diabetes typ 2 kontrolleras. Att arbeta hälsofrämjande kan stärka personens egna resurser till att genomföra livsstilsförändringar med målet att förbättra den upplevda hälsan.

    Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva personers upplevelser av livsstilsförändringar relaterat till kost och motion- vid diabetes typ 2.

    Metod: Studien utfördes som en integrerande sammanställning av kvalitativ forskning – inspirerad av metasyntes och en induktiv ansatts. 10 vetenskapliga artiklars resultat analyserades med hjälp av Fribergs analysmodell.

    Resultat: 10 artiklar från följande länder ingick i dataanalysen: Jordanien, Singapore, Qatar, Italien, England, Australien, Thailand, Indien, Guatemala och Pakistan. Från dataanalysen framkom följande kategorier som omfattar personers upplevelser av livsstilsförändringar relaterat till kost och motion vid diabetes typ 2. Huvudkategorier: att omgivningen påverkar och att motivationen påverkar. Underkategorier: att sociala sammankomster försvårar, att stöd från närstående är viktigt, betydelsen av att acceptera förändringar och att ha tillgång till tid är viktigt.

    Slutsats: Den här studien påvisar att omgivningen hade en viktig betydelse för hur personerna upplevde livsstilsförändringar gällande kost och motion. Dom stödjande eller bristande faktorerna från omgivningen påverkade personerna på olika sätt vilket visade att negativa upplevelser från närstående eller sociala sammanhang kopplat till sjukdomen försvårade följsamheten till en hälsosam livsstil. Att arbeta utifrån ett personcentrerat förhållningsätt visade på att kunna stärka motivationen, självförtroendet och den positiva synen på hälsotillstånden hos personer med diabetes typ 2.

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  • 31.
    Abdiwahab Hussein, Idman
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Health.
    Jonsson, Ylva
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Health.
    Att förlora bröstet, beskrivningar av psykiska problem hos kvinnor efter mastektomi: En allmän litteraturöversikt2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Den vanligaste cancerformen hos kvinnor är bröstcancer med mastektomi som den vanligaste kirurgiska behandlingen. Kvinnors bröst är ofta förknippade med sexualitet och kvinnlig natur vilket gör denna stympande behandling väldigt påfrestande på kvinnans identitet och kroppsuppfattning. Cancer är inte bara en klinisk sjukdom då den även påverkar kvinnans liv såväl biologiskt, psykologiskt som socialt. Här har sjukvården en avgörande roll i kvinnans vård. Sjukvårdspersonalen behöver en djupare förståelse för mastektomi och dess påverkan på kvinnors mentala hälsa.

    Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors psykiska problem efter mastektomi vid bröstcancer.

    Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt. Studien har en induktiv ansats med integrativ metod där artiklarna analyseras med Fribergs (2022b) analys för en allmän litteraturöversikt.

    Resultat: Efter genomförd analys framkom tre kategorier; Depression och ångest bland kvinnor som genomgår mastektomi, Kvinnans livskvalitet i samband med mastektomi och Familjen och vårdpersonalens betydelse för kvinnans psykiska problem.

    Slutsats: Många kvinnor lider utav psykiska problem i samband med en mastektomi operation, främst depression och ångest. Största orsakerna berodde på symtombörda och försämrad kroppsuppfattning vilket leder till sämre livskvalitet. Familjen och vårdpersonalen har en stor roll för den mentala hälsan då de agerar som stöd för kvinnan.

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  • 32.
    ABDOLMOHAMMAD, BANAFSHE
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Economics.
    Internationalization Process of Born Global Firms in IRAN2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 33.
    Abdsharifi, Mohammad Hossein
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    Dhar, Ripan Kumar
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    Service Management for P2P Energy Sharing Using Blockchain – Functional Architecture2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Blockchain has become the most revolutionary technology in the 21st century. In recent years, one of the concerns of world energy isn't just sustainability yet, in addition, being secure and reliable also. Since information and energy security are the main concern for the present and future services, this thesis is focused on the challenge of how to trade energy securely on the background of using distributed marketplaces that can be applied. The core technology used in this thesis is distributed ledger, specifically blockchain. Since this technology has recently gained much attention because of its functionalities such as transparency, immutability, irreversibility, security, etc, we tried to convey a solution for the implementation of a secure peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading network over a suitable blockchain platform. Furthermore, blockchain enables traceability of the origin of data which is called data provenience.

    In this work, we applied a secure blockchain technology in peer-to-peer energy sharing or trading system where the prosumer and consumer can trade their energies through a secure channel or network. Furthermore, the service management functionalities such as security, reliability, flexibility, and scalability are achieved through the implementation. \\

    This thesis is focused on the current proposals for p2p energy trading using blockchain and how to select a suitable blockchain technique to implement such a p2p energy trading network. In addition, we provide an implementation of such a secure network under blockchain and proper management functions. The choices of the system models, blockchain technology, and the consensus algorithm are based on literature review, and it carried to an experimental implementation where the feasibility of that system model has been validated through the output results. 

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    Service Management for P2P Energy Sharing Using Blockchain – Functional Architecture
  • 34.
    Abdul, Shakoor
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Management.
    Electronic Customer Relationship Management (eCRM) from the Perspective of Two Banks with Online Marketing in Pakistan: case of HSBC PK and Standard Chartered Bank PK2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year))Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study observes an approach which is known as explorative because it aims to evaluate and examine online media as a tool for e-CRM. In addition, this involves the approach known as iterative also depends on the data, which is qualitative in congestion with observational information. This study builds on the existing literature and theories within customer relationship marketing (CRM). The subfield to CRM, called e-CRM, is further studied the phenomenon of online marketing and online CRM (customer relationship management) in a banking business context. The study builds upon empirical studies of two banks using online banking on a daily basis. The empirical material was collected through face-to-face interviews in order to gain knowledge and understanding of how corporations use e-CRM. Moreover, observations were conducted in order to gain a deeper understanding of how differently e-CRM was used by the two banks, and to see how customers reacted to their initiatives. e-CRM is a new way to interact, it involves rapid interactions that are spread faster and can be visible to anyone using the Internet. It comes along with many challenges as well as great opportunities. It is vital that managers can direct the employees to use online sources and e-CRM in a correct way in accordance with the brand values to avoid contradicting messages. It needs to be used by employees with social competence, as it involves interaction with customers. Organizations need to be involved in e-CRM and online media to be able to influence what people write about the corporation. It is a valuable channel in order to gain customer knowledge and customers' opinions about the business and their offerings. Its also a way to acknowledge complaints and thus be able to handle them. An adequate complaint handling can in turn enhance customer relationships. As e-CRM is a relatively new and constantly evolving phenomenon, it requires curiosity and courage. Further, it can be used to create emotional bonds with customers by providing a personalization.

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  • 35.
    Abdulahovic, Dzenita
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Health Science.
    Larsson, Jane
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Health Science.
    Att beskriva vuxna patienters upplevelser av trycksår: En litteraturstudie2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Trycksår är ett stort globalt hälsoproblem som blir allt vanligare bland befolkningen. Det orsakar stort lidande och smärta hos patienten. Därför behöver sjuksköterskan mer kunskap för att kunna förstå patienter bättre samt lindra deras lidande och ge en personcentrerad vård. Om sjuksköterskan inte förstår patientens upplevelse kan detta resultera till allvarliga konsekvenser. Patienters upplevelser är betydelsefulla i vården för att kunna förebygga trycksår. 

    Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva vuxna patienters upplevelser av trycksår. 

    Metod: En litteraturöversikt med en induktiv ansats med inspiration från Friberg (2017b) som är baserad på åtta vetenskapliga kvalitativa artiklar.

    Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier vilka är upplevelser av smärta, fysiska upplevelser av sår, psykiska upplevelser och upplevelser av självständighet. 

    Slutsats: Trycksår orsakar både fysiskt och psykiskt lidande. Deras självständighet blev förändrad på grund av trycksåret. Sjuksköterskan bör vara mer observant på att bli bättre på omvårdnaden när det gäller förebyggande strategier. En välfungerande kommunikation mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten är värdefullt inom omvårdnad, för att patienten ska känna sig engagerad, respekterad samt delaktig i sin vård. Mer kunskap och förståelse behövs för att förstå hur trycksår kan påverka patientens dagliga liv. Kunskap kan resultera till mindre smärta och vårdlidande.

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  • 36.
    Abdulkarim, Abrahim
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
    Al Outa, Nima Nova
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
    Conceptualizing an automated sorting system for the recycling of plastic-floors2020Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Tarkett AB Ronneby (Sweden) is a flooring solutions company, recognized for the manufacturing and recycling of homogeneous plastic flooring. Tarkett AB recycles mainly installation spill and manufacturing defects. However, Tarkett AB is considering widening its recycling capabilities to include old and torn plastic floors which may contain impurities and banned substances or plastic floors of competing brands. To accomplish this, Tarkett is considering a completely new recycling line with an automated sorting process instead of the current manual process. Thus, Tarkett proposes a dissertation to conceptualize a new automated sorting system with added capacity and increased functionality.

    Purpose

    This work aims to investigate the current sorting process and introduce conceptual solutions for a new automated sorting process capable of identifying and separating plastic floors according to the manufacturer, type, condition, and external waste by using existing technology.

    Method

    The methods and tools used in this work are mainly based on a modified product development process. Starting with data collection of the current sorting process, performing a need-finding, and extracting requirements for an automated sorting process, investigating relevant technology, evaluating technology based on scientific literature and tests. The testing was conducted in collaboration with two companies. Near-infrared scanners were tested with Holger AB, while pattern recognition systems were tested with Vision-Geek. Finally, three concepts for the automated sorting process were developed and shown through flow charts and 2D-3D illustrations.

    Results

    The results of this work showed that it was possible to use near-infrared and pattern recognition for the separation of plastic floors. Besides, three conceptual solutions for an automated sorting process were generated and showcased with schematic graphs and 2D-3D illustrations. The concepts describe how the sorting process functions and what technology is used for each step of the process. Concept 1 and Concept 2 used both pattern recognition and spectroscopy methods. While Concept 3 only used spectroscopy methods. Moreover, spectroscopy methods were used to sort plastic floors by content while pattern recognition by appearance.

    Conclusions

    Recycling of torn and old plastic flooring can be beneficial for both the environment and the recycling industry. Yet, it presents some challenges relating to reliable, fast, and nondestructive identification for sorting and separation purposes. New and proven technology such as near-infrared hyperspectral imaging and pattern recognition can be used. However, high-quality pattern and spectrum libraries of multiple plastic floors have to be created for optimal and reliable reference models. Furthermore, pattern recognition and near-infrared methods need to be tested further at an industrial scale. 

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  • 37.
    Abdulla, Akar
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Engineering.
    Estimating Erosion in Oil and Gas Pipe Line Due to Sand Presence2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years))Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Transporting solid particles in oil and gas flow cause erosion damage to the pipeline and fittings. The aim of this thesis is to study the effect of impact velocity on the erosion damage in 90 degree long elbow by using two different erosion models namely, Oka model and E/CRC model. Those correlation applied at air-borne sand eroding, methane-borne sand eroding, mixed gas-borne sand eroding, and multiphase (gas- oil) borne sand eroding Inconel 625. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code STAR-CCM+ is used to obtain the average and maximum erosion rate by using the above mentioned models and compared them with the previous results.

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  • 38.
    Abdullaev, Shuhrat
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Management.
    Abdurahmonov, Sharof
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Management.
    Title: Potentials of Insurance Market Development in Jizzak region2007Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year))Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Title: Potentials of Insurance Market Development in Jizzak region Authors: Shuhrat Abdulaev, Sharof Abdurahmonov Supervisor: Anders Hederstierna Department: Business Administration, Blekinge Technology Institute Course: Master’s thesis in Business Administration, 10 credits Background and Problem Discussion: The main reasons why we have chosen this topic “Potentials of insurance market development in Jizzak region” for our thesis are the followings: 1) Strong and Competitive insurance market is one of the essential parts of well-developed market economy. How to reach well-developed insurance market is a complex problem that the economy of Uzbekistan is facing now. 2) Having studied previous researches regarding insurance market of Uzbekistan and the role of marketing in development of companies we concluded that there are huge potentials for growing in insurance market which have not learned yet. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to find the answers to following questions: How is the current situation in the insurance market of Uzbekistan? What kind of insurance services are there and what is the demand for them? The determination of main clientele of insurance companies; The determination of factors that can affect on insurance services The analysis of proportion of population who do not apply for insurance services and the reasons; The role of marketing research in companies’ growth; Method: This research used Quantitative method. Survey technique used to conduct a quantitative study. Primary data collected through questionnaire. Secondary data collected from banks and department of Statistics of the local government. This research can be seen as deductive research since it begins by examining theories related to insurance and consumer behavior to insurance services. Following hypothesis were developed by the assumption that • Person’s insurance expenditure dependent of their annual income • Person’s positive opinion about insurance dependent of their gender • Person’s positive opinion about insurance dependent of their age • Person’s positive opinion about insurance dependent of their education • Person’s who is insured dependent of their income Theory: The theory section contains a review of theories concerning in economic nature and functions of insurance, marketing in insurance, insurance market in Uzbekistan. Analysis: Statistical program SPSS 14v.(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) - is used to compute the correlation values and the regression coefficients. The results presented in appropriate table and graph. We divided our analysis into three parts: 1) Using the secondary data, we analyzed accidents that happened during the last two years, obligatory insurance, insurance companies in Jizzak. 2) We analyzed dependence of respondents’ annual insurance expenditure on their annual income using the multiple regression analysis. 3) Based on the primary data and using Chi-square statistical test, we analyzed consumer behavior to insurance service interviewing people individually. Conclusion: Analysis showed that insurance premiums mostly come from obligatory insurance. We discovered that banks are the main clients of insurance agencies at the present and insurance market undeveloped yet, the main reasons are low level of insurance culture, low level of citizens income, lack of understanding by the population and legal entities the need in insurance services; undeveloped economy of country, which doesn’t allow the insurance market to develop as a whole; lack of brokerage companies to work with insurance agencies; lack of skilled specialists and prepared insurance managers.

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  • 39.
    Abedi, Solaleh
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Strategic Sustainable Development.
    Lannefeld, Marvin
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Strategic Sustainable Development.
    Moore, Elizabeth
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Strategic Sustainable Development.
    Olsson, Elin
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Strategic Sustainable Development.
    Sustainable Physical Legacy Development via Large-Scale International Sport Events2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In an increasingly urban society, cities pose both challenges and opportunities to move towards a more sustainable society. This study examines the role of large-scale international sport events in sustainable development within host cities, with a focus on the physical legacies that they leave behind. The research seeks to offer guidance to enhance sustainable physical legacy development, informed by Games’ strategy documents, impacts on host cities and professional opinions. The research was conducted using three key methods: an examination of key strategy documents, a literature review of academic and grey literature to record infrastructure projects and interviews with professionals who had worked with four specific Games (Vancouver 2010, London 2012, Gold Coast 2018 and Birmingham 2022).

    The findings implied that social infrastructure and transport projects were most commonly recorded and that the sport event industry operates with a Triple Bottom Line understanding of sustainability. Based on the findings, a design thinking framework was used to design and propose guidelines. The guidelines recommend a shift to the 3-nested dependencies model and propose the development of key skills (leadership for sustainability and flexibility) and key actions (sustainability education/communication and audit).

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  • 40.
    Abedini, Margareta Mark och Marcel
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Department of Spatial Planning and Civil Engineering.
    Att upptäcka Mellanstaden: En studie av stadens ytterområden med Kristiansta som exempel2002Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year))Student thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Det är många faktorer som påverkar stadsutvecklingen och som skapar stadens identitet. Medverkande krafter är de offentliga och privata aktörernas intressen, den nationella bostadspolitiken, den befintliga fysiska strukturen samt stadens historiska bakgrund. I en tid då globalisering och kulturella förhållanden skapar en konkurrens mellan städerna kan stadens identitet och ekonomisk utveckling ses som viktiga faktorer i strävan efter att göra staden attraktiv. Avregleringen av bostadsmarknaden har bidragit till att privata aktörer får allt större inflytande över stadsutvecklingen. Olika grupper som till exempel företagarföreningar satsar på stadskärnans förnyelse. Centrumförnyelse och tilltalande bostäder i centrala lägen är aktuella projekt med inriktning på att göra staden tilltalande. Handel, nöjen, kultur, och attraktivt boende är viktiga för staden i kampen om företag, befolkning, turister och andra besökare. I de medelstora och stora städerna finns en form av stadsstruktur som vi här kallar mellanstad. Med mellanstaden menar vi de områden som är belägna mellan den täta stadskärnan och landsbygden. I mellanstaden finns många typer av bebyggelse. Småskalig äldre bebyggelse ?samsas? med storskalig miljonprogramsbebyggelse, villamattor, arbetsplatsområden, bilvårdsanläggningar, externhandel, trafikleder, tomma ytor med mera. Trenden när det gäller attraktivt boende går mot två håll. Det ena är att man väljer att bosätta sig i stadskärnan och det andra är att man väljer ett boende utanför staden, gärna i ?sjönära? läge. De mindre tätorterna kan i många fall erbjuda mycket goda boendemiljöer. Att bo utanför staden har blivit en möjlighet i vårt moderna IT-samhälle. I staden har de olika bostadsområdena fått olika attraktionskraft. Det finns stadsdelar med långa bostadsköer samtidigt som andra områden har tomma lägenheter. En stor del av stadens befolkning bor i mellanstadens bostadsområden. En del av dessa områden besväras av dåligt rykte. Den publicitet dessa får är oftast i negativ form. Den uppmärksamhet, som riktar sig mot staden, berör främst staden centrala delar. Därför vill vi sätta fokus på mellanstaden. Mellanstaden har många resurser, kvaliteter och möjligheter samtidigt som det finns brister och problem. Till resurserna hör närheten till naturen, låga markkostnader och att det ofta finns markreserver. Till nackdelarna och svagheterna hör bilberoende, segregation, storskalighet och minskad närservice. Otrygghet och dålig tillgänglighet kan även höra till mellanstadens problem. Trivsel och livskvalitet i vardagsmiljön är viktig för hela stadens utveckling. En god miljö kan stärka ortens konkurrenskraft och bidra till en positiv stadsutveckling. Vid framtida lokaliseringar av nya arbetstillfällen inom ?high-tech? ses livskvalitet i vardagsmiljön som en viktig utvecklingsfaktor. Även servicenäringarna anses vara beroende av god stadsmiljö. (Sverige 2009) Det finns många olika sätt att verka för en god livsmiljö. Att stadens centrum går mot en renässans är ganska tydlig. Vi frågar oss om stadsutvecklingen stannar i centrum, eller om den berör stadens alla delar. För att få en uppfattning om vilka förutsättningar mellanstaden har gör vi ett nedslag i en medelstor svensk stad, Kristianstad. Vi kommer att söka efter kvaliteter utifrån de boendes perspektiv och deras syn på en god livsmiljö. Det sker främst utifrån barn och ungdomars synvinkel och ur ett ekologiskt perspektiv. Vi funderar även på vad som kan förbättras. Viktiga faktorer att ta hänsyn till i stadsplaneringen är det historiska arvet, infrastrukturen, byggd miljö, landsbygd, välfärd, människors livsformer och vardagsliv. (Sverige 2009) Problemformulering Det finns många åsikter om stadens olika delar och vem som bor var. Centrum är till för ?innefolk? och ungdomar med god ekonomi. I miljonprogramsområdena bor invandrare och människor med olika problem. Villamattor för ?medelsvensson? med Volvo, husvagn och hund. Nyproducerade bostäder i attraktiva lägen för IT-folket och så vidare. Det går att räkna upp åtskilliga fördomar om staden och vem som bor var. Eftersom vi i det här arbetet främst kommer att inrikta oss på mellanstaden kanske vi upptäcker att fördomarna besannas eller att områden som anses som utsatta problemområden kanske inte alls upplevs som sådana av de boende. I dagens svenska städer ligger oftast stadsdelarna som öar runt en centrumkärna som även den är en ö. Centrum har specifika funktioner som ett tätare utbud av handel, kultur och nöjen än vad den övriga staden har. Bostadsområdena knyts till centrum genom trafikleder. Det finns ofta mellanrum mellan själva stadskärnan och övriga områden. Många öar ligger relativt isolerade mellan olika trafikleder. Där blir ofta bilberoendet ett faktum i en tid med förändrad närservice. Utvecklingen har gått mot ett boende där homogena grupper bor i olika stadsdelar. De frågor man kan ställa sig är: · Går det att stärka stadens olika delar så att en helhet uppstår · Kan mellanstaden bli hållbar ur social, ekologisk och ekonomisk synvinkel. · Finns det någon möjlighet att genom planering och politik motverka segregation Syfte Utifrån dessa frågor är syftet med detta examensarbete: - att identifiera stadens olika delar för att se vad mellanstaden har för möjligheter och brister. - att söka idéer till hur man genom planering kan öka trygghet, trivsel och tillhörighet för de som bor i mellanstaden. - att studera om det finns olika möjligheter att knyta ihop stadens öar och stärka mellanstaden och dess samhörighet med centrum Tillvägagångssätt För att identifiera stadens olika delar gör vi först en allmän historisk tillbakablick på Sveriges stadsutveckling. Vi kommer även att beskriva olika drivkrafter som påverkat stadsbyggandet under 1900-talet. Vi kommer även att precisera vilka områden som vi anser ingår i mellanstaden. Därefter kommer en diskussion om nuläget, trender och framtid. Senare i arbetet tar vi upp staden Kristianstad som exempel. För att få en förståelse för hur just den staden kommit till och hur den har växt fram gör vi en kort beskrivning av Kristianstads utveckling och en analys av staden. Efter det visar vi vad vi har bedömt vara Kristianstads mellanstad. I mellanstaden väljer vi sedan ut ett område som vi kommer att arbeta vidare med i en grundligare studie utifrån två synvinklar en ekologisk och en social. Den sista delen av arbetet omfattar förslag som framkommit genom studier av stadsdelen. Förslaget redovisas i form av en ?idékatalog? tillsammans med inspirationsbilder. Arbetet avslutas med en diskussion om mellanstaden och hur man i framtiden bör arbeta för att stärka de kvaliteter som finns där.

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  • 41.
    Abel, Kathleen A.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
    Integrating Economics with a Strategic Sustainable Planning Method; To enhance decision making processes.2005Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year))Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract: The complexity of environmental, social, economical, and technological objectives creates a challenge for decision makers when prioritizing the right measures that will move a project or organization toward sustainability at least cost. Currently there are methods or tools available to assist in this decision making and through a strategic approach potentially enhance the process. The focus of this thesis is to evaluate how the quantitative nature of economic detail as a tool which has been informed by a strategic sustainable framework can contribute to the complex decision making process for sustainable development when prioritizing measures. A two- step matrix format is used to represent the proposed approach. The complexity of sustainable development issues for decision makers within Sweden’s energy sector provides a suitable case study to explain this approach. Karlskrona, Sweden district heat was chosen. The results revealed an enhanced decision making process utilizing the proposed approach in district heat thus ensuring organizational and social profitability as defined by, static and dynamic efficiency and equitable allocation. The thesis concludes that the suggested approach has the potential to enhance the decision making process for strategic sustainable development when prioritizing measures in district heat and may be universal in its application in many other sectors. However, further validation of the approach through testing in real life situations is recommended.

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  • 42.
    Abela, Paul
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Strategic Sustainable Development.
    Roquet, Omar
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Strategic Sustainable Development.
    Zeaiter, Ali Armand
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Strategic Sustainable Development.
    Determining Organisational Readiness for the Future-Fit for Business Benchmark2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 43.
    Abelsson, Sara
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Department of Signal Processing.
    Propagation Measurements at 3.5 GHz for WiMAX2007Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year))Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Propagation measurements at the frequency 3.5 GHz for the WiMAX technology have been conducted. The purpose of these measurements is that a coverage analysis should be accomplished. The mathematical software package MATLAB has been used to analyze the collected data from the measurement campaign. Path loss models have also been used and a comparison between these models and the collected data has been performed. An analysis prediction tool from an application called WRAP has also been used in the comparison with the collected data. In this thesis, diff

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  • 44.
    Abghari, Shahrooz
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    Data Mining Approaches for Outlier Detection Analysis2020Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Outlier detection is studied and applied in many domains. Outliers arise due to different reasons such as fraudulent activities, structural defects, health problems, and mechanical issues. The detection of outliers is a challenging task that can reveal system faults, fraud, and save people's lives. Outlier detection techniques are often domain-specific. The main challenge in outlier detection relates to modelling the normal behaviour in order to identify abnormalities. The choice of model is important, i.e., an unsuitable data model can lead to poor results. This requires a good understanding and interpretation of the data, the constraints, and requirements of the domain problem. Outlier detection is largely an unsupervised problem due to unavailability of labeled data and the fact that labeled data is expensive. 

    In this thesis, we study and apply a combination of both machine learning and data mining techniques to build data-driven and domain-oriented outlier detection models. We focus on three real-world application domains: maritime surveillance, district heating, and online media and sequence datasets. We show the importance of data preprocessing as well as feature selection in building suitable methods for data modelling. We take advantage of both supervised and unsupervised techniques to create hybrid methods. 

    More specifically, we propose a rule-based anomaly detection system using open data for the maritime surveillance domain. We exploit sequential pattern mining for identifying contextual and collective outliers in online media data. We propose a minimum spanning tree clustering technique for detection of groups of outliers in online media and sequence data. We develop a few higher order mining approaches for identifying manual changes and deviating behaviours in the heating systems at the building level. The proposed approaches are shown to be capable of explaining the underlying properties of the detected outliers. This can facilitate domain experts in narrowing down the scope of analysis and understanding the reasons of such anomalous behaviours. We also investigate the reproducibility of the proposed models in similar application domains.

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  • 45.
    Abghari, Shahrooz
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science and Engineering.
    Data Modeling for Outlier Detection2018Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis explores the data modeling for outlier detection techniques in three different application domains: maritime surveillance, district heating, and online media and sequence datasets. The proposed models are evaluated and validated under different experimental scenarios, taking into account specific characteristics and setups of the different domains.

    Outlier detection has been studied and applied in many domains. Outliers arise due to different reasons such as fraudulent activities, structural defects, health problems, and mechanical issues. The detection of outliers is a challenging task that can reveal system faults, fraud, and save people's lives. Outlier detection techniques are often domain-specific. The main challenge in outlier detection relates to modeling the normal behavior in order to identify abnormalities. The choice of model is important, i.e., an incorrect choice of data model can lead to poor results. This requires a good understanding and interpretation of the data, the constraints, and the requirements of the problem domain. Outlier detection is largely an unsupervised problem due to unavailability of labeled data and the fact that labeled data is expensive.

    We have studied and applied a combination of both machine learning and data mining techniques to build data-driven and domain-oriented outlier detection models. We have shown the importance of data preprocessing as well as feature selection in building suitable methods for data modeling. We have taken advantage of both supervised and unsupervised techniques to create hybrid methods. For example, we have proposed a rule-based outlier detection system based on open data for the maritime surveillance domain. Furthermore, we have combined cluster analysis and regression to identify manual changes in the heating systems at the building level. Sequential pattern mining for identifying contextual and collective outliers in online media data have also been exploited. In addition, we have proposed a minimum spanning tree clustering technique for detection of groups of outliers in online media and sequence data. The proposed models have been shown to be capable of explaining the underlying properties of the detected outliers. This can facilitate domain experts in narrowing down the scope of analysis and understanding the reasons of such anomalous behaviors. We have also investigated the reproducibility of the proposed models in similar application domains.

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  • 46.
    Abghari, Shahrooz
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    Boeva, Veselka
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    Brage, Jens
    NODA Intelligent Systems AB, SWE.
    Grahn, Håkan
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    A Higher Order Mining Approach for the Analysis of Real-World Datasets2020In: Energies, E-ISSN 1996-1073, Vol. 13, no 21, article id 5781Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, we propose a higher order mining approach that can be used for the analysis of real-world datasets. The approach can be used to monitor and identify the deviating operational behaviour of the studied phenomenon in the absence of prior knowledge about the data. The proposed approach consists of several different data analysis techniques, such as sequential pattern mining, clustering analysis, consensus clustering and the minimum spanning tree (MST). Initially, a clustering analysis is performed on the extracted patterns to model the behavioural modes of the studied phenomenon for a given time interval. The generated clustering models, which correspond to every two consecutive time intervals, can further be assessed to determine changes in the monitored behaviour. In cases in which significant differences are observed, further analysis is performed by integrating the generated models into a consensus clustering and applying an MST to identify deviating behaviours. The validity and potential of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a real-world dataset originating from a network of district heating (DH) substations. The obtained results show that our approach is capable of detecting deviating and sub-optimal behaviours of DH substations.

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  • 47.
    Abghari, Shahrooz
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    Boeva, Veselka
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    Brage, Jens
    NODA Intelligent Systems AB, SWE.
    Grahn, Håkan
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    Multi-view Clustering Analyses for District Heating Substations2020In: DATA 2020 - Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications2020, / [ed] Hammoudi S.,Quix C.,Bernardino J., SciTePress, 2020, p. 158-168Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, we propose a multi-view clustering approach for mining and analysing multi-view network datasets. The proposed approach is applied and evaluated on a real-world scenario for monitoring and analysing district heating (DH) network conditions and identifying substations with sub-optimal behaviour. Initially, geographical locations of the substations are used to build an approximate graph representation of the DH network. Two different analyses can further be applied in this context: step-wise and parallel-wise multi-view clustering. The step-wise analysis is meant to sequentially consider and analyse substations with respect to a few different views. At each step, a new clustering solution is built on top of the one generated by the previously considered view, which organizes the substations in a hierarchical structure that can be used for multi-view comparisons. The parallel-wise analysis on the other hand, provides the opportunity to analyse substations with regards to two different views in parallel. Such analysis is aimed to represent and identify the relationships between substations by organizing them in a bipartite graph and analysing the substations’ distribution with respect to each view. The proposed data analysis and visualization approach arms domain experts with means for analysing DH network performance. In addition, it will facilitate the identification of substations with deviating operational behaviour based on comparative analysis with their closely located neighbours.

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    Multi-view Clustering Analyses for District Heating Substations
  • 48.
    Abghari, Shahrooz
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    Boeva, Veselka
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    Brage, Jens
    NODA Intelligent Systems AB, SWE.
    Johansson, Christian
    NODA Intelligent Systems AB, SWE.
    District Heating Substation Behaviour Modelling for Annotating the Performance2020In: Communications in Computer and Information Science / [ed] Cellier, P, Driessens, K, Springer , 2020, Vol. 1168, p. 3-11Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this ongoing study, we propose a higher order data mining approach for modelling district heating (DH) substations’ behaviour and linking operational behaviour representative profiles with different performance indicators. We initially create substation’s operational behaviour models by extracting weekly patterns and clustering them into groups of similar patterns. The built models are further analyzed and integrated into an overall substation model by applying consensus clustering. The different operational behaviour profiles represented by the exemplars of the consensus clustering model are then linked to performance indicators. The labelled behaviour profiles are deployed over the whole heating season to derive diverse insights about the substation’s performance. The results show that the proposed method can be used for modelling, analyzing and understanding the deviating and sub-optimal DH substation’s behaviours. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

  • 49.
    Abghari, Shahrooz
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    Boeva, Veselka
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    Brage, Jens
    NODA Intelligent Systems AB, SWE.
    Johansson, Christian
    NODA Intelligent Systems AB, SWE.
    Grahn, Håkan
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    Lavesson, Niklas
    Jönköping University, SWE.
    Higher order mining for monitoring district heating substations2019In: Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics, DSAA 2019, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2019, p. 382-391Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We propose a higher order mining (HOM) approach for modelling, monitoring and analyzing district heating (DH) substations' operational behaviour and performance. HOM is concerned with mining over patterns rather than primary or raw data. The proposed approach uses a combination of different data analysis techniques such as sequential pattern mining, clustering analysis, consensus clustering and minimum spanning tree (MST). Initially, a substation's operational behaviour is modeled by extracting weekly patterns and performing clustering analysis. The substation's performance is monitored by assessing its modeled behaviour for every two consecutive weeks. In case some significant difference is observed, further analysis is performed by integrating the built models into a consensus clustering and applying an MST for identifying deviating behaviours. The results of the study show that our method is robust for detecting deviating and sub-optimal behaviours of DH substations. In addition, the proposed method can facilitate domain experts in the interpretation and understanding of the substations' behaviour and performance by providing different data analysis and visualization techniques. © 2019 IEEE.

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    Higher Order Mining for Monitoring DistrictHeating Substations
  • 50.
    Abghari, Shahrooz
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    Boeva, Veselka
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    Casalicchio, Emiliano
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science.
    Exner, Peter
    Sony R&D Center Lund Laboratory, SWE.
    An Inductive System Monitoring Approach for GNSS Activation2022In: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology / [ed] Maglogiannis, I, Iliadis, L, Macintyre, J, Cortez, P, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2022, Vol. 647, p. 437-449Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we propose a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) component activation model for mobile tracking devices that automatically detects indoor/outdoor environments using the radio signals received from Long-Term Evolution (LTE) base stations. We use an Inductive System Monitoring (ISM) technique to model environmental scenarios captured by a smart tracker via extracting clusters of corresponding value ranges from LTE base stations’ signal strength. The ISM-based model is built by using the tracker’s historical data labeled with GPS coordinates. The built model is further refined by applying it to additional data without GPS location collected by the same device. This procedure allows us to identify the clusters that describe semi-outdoor scenarios. In that way, the model discriminates between two outdoor environmental categories: open outdoor and semi-outdoor. The proposed ISM-based GNSS activation approach is studied and evaluated on a real-world dataset contains radio signal measurements collected by five smart trackers and their geographical location in various environmental scenarios.

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