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  • 1. Biernacki, Arkadiusz
    et al.
    Tutschku, Kurt
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation.
    Performance of HTTP Video Streaming Under Different Network Conditions2014Ingår i: Multimedia tools and applications, ISSN 1380-7501, E-ISSN 1573-7721, Vol. 72, nr 2, s. 1143-1166Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The Internet video sharing services have been gaining importance and increasing their share in the multimedia market. In order to compete effectively and provide broadcast television with a comparable level of quality, the Internet video should fulfil stringent quality of service (QoS) constraints. However, as the Internet video is based on packet transmission, it is influenced by delays, transmission errors, data losses and bandwidth limitations which can have a devastating influence on the perceived quality of the multimedia content. There are many works which describe the impact of network impairments on the Internet video. Nevertheless, little is known about how network conditions influence the video streamed by the currently popular services such as YouTube, where video is transmitted over reliable TCP/HTTP protocols. Therefore using a network simulator, we conducted an experimental evaluation of theHTTP based video transmission analysing how the network impairments mentioned above influence the streamed video. The experiments were validated against a network emulator supplied with real network traces. As a result of this work, we can state that the buffering strategies implemented by a video player are in many cases able to mitigate unfavourable network conditions what allow to play the streamed video smoothly. The results may serve Internet Service Providers so that they could tune their network characteristics in order to match the demand from HTTP video.

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 2. Buchinger, Shelley
    et al.
    Lopes, Rui J.
    Jumisko-Pyykkö, Satu
    Zepernick, Hans-Jürgen
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Fakulteten för datavetenskaper, Institutionen för kommunikationssystem.
    Advances in tools, techniques and practices for multimedia QoE2015Ingår i: Multimedia tools and applications, ISSN 1380-7501, E-ISSN 1573-7721Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    It has been realized that the success of multimedia services or applications relies on the analysis of the entire user experience (UX). The relevance of this paradigm ranges from Internet protocol television to video-on-demand systems for distributing and sharing professional television (TV) and user-generated content that is consumed and produced ubiquitously. To obtain a pleasurable user experience, a large amount of aspects have to be taken into account. Major challenges in this context include the identification of relevant UX factors and the quantification of their influence on Quality of Experience (QoE). This special issue is dedicated to advances in, tools, techniques and practices for multimedia QoE that tackle several of the aforementioned challenges.

  • 3.
    Ickin, Selim
    et al.
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Fakulteten för datavetenskaper, Institutionen för kommunikationssystem.
    Fiedler, Markus
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Fakulteten för datavetenskaper, Institutionen för kommunikationssystem.
    Wac, Katarzyna
    Arlos, Patrik
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Fakulteten för datavetenskaper, Institutionen för kommunikationssystem.
    Temiz, Canberk
    Mkocha, Khadija
    VLQoE: Video QoE instrumentation on the smartphone2015Ingår i: Multimedia tools and applications, ISSN 1380-7501, E-ISSN 1573-7721, Vol. 74, nr 2, s. 381-411Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The usage of network-demanding applications is growing rapidly such as video streaming on mobile terminals. However, network and/or service providers might not guarantee the perceived quality for video streaming that demands high packet transmission rate. In order to satisfy the user expectations and to minimize user churn, it is important for network operators to infer the end-user perceived quality in video streaming. Today, the most reliable method to obtain end-user perceived quality is through subjective tests, and the preferred location is the user interface as it is the closest point of application to the end-user. The end-user perceived quality on video streaming is highly influenced by occasional freezes; technically the extraordinary time gaps between two consecutive pictures that are displayed to the user, i.e., high inter-picture time. In this paper, we present a QoE instrumentation for video streaming, VLQoE. We added functionality to the VLC player to record a set of metrics from the user interface, application-level, network-level, and from the available sensors of the device. To the best of our knowledge, VLQoE is the first tool of its kind that can be used in user experiments for video streaming. By using the tool, we present a two state model based on the inter-picture time, for the HTTP- and RTSP-based video streaming via 3.5G. Next, we studied the influence of inter-picture time on the user perceived quality through out a user study. We investigated the minimum user perceived inter-picture time, and the user response time.

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    fulltext
  • 4.
    Irshad, Azeem
    et al.
    Int. Islamic Univ., PAK.
    Sher, Muhammad
    Int. Islamic Univ., PAK.
    Nawaz, Omer
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Fakulteten för datavetenskaper, Institutionen för kommunikationssystem.
    Chaudhry, Shehzad Ashraf
    Int. Islamic Univ., PAK.
    Khan, Imran
    Int. Islamic Univ., PAK.
    Kumari, Saru
    Chaudhary Charan Singh Univ, IND.
    A secure and provable multi-server authenticated key agreement for TMIS based on Amin et al. scheme2017Ingår i: Multimedia tools and applications, ISSN 1380-7501, E-ISSN 1573-7721, Vol. 76, nr 15, s. 16463-16489Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The security for Telecare Medicine Information Systems (TMIS) has been crucial for reliable dispensing of the medical services to patients at distant locations. Security and privacy element needs to be there for any physician or caregiver to make certain an appropriate diagnosis, medical treatment or any other exchange of critical information. In this connection, many relevant TMIS-based authentication schemes have been presented, however various forms of attacks and inefficiencies render these schemes inapplicable for a practical scenario. Lately, Amin et al. proposed a scheme based on a multi-server authentication for TMIS. However, the Amin et al., scheme has been found vulnerable to user and server impersonation attacks. We have proposed an improved model with higher performance and efficiency, as evident from the forthcoming sections. Besides, the scheme has been backed up by formal security analysis using BAN logic to ensure the resilience of the proposed scheme.

  • 5.
    Jacob, Sögaard
    et al.
    Tech Univ Denmark, DEN.
    Shahid, Muhammad
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Fakulteten för teknikvetenskaper, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling.
    Jeevan, Pokhrel
    Montimage, FRA.
    Kjell, Brunström
    Acreo Swedish ICT AB, SWE.
    On Subjective Quality Assessment of Adaptive Video Streaming via Crowdsourcing and Laboratory Based Experiments2017Ingår i: Multimedia tools and applications, ISSN 1380-7501, E-ISSN 1573-7721, Vol. 76, nr 15, s. 16727-16748Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Video streaming services are offered over the Internet and since the service providers do not have full control over the network conditions all the way to the end user, streaming technologies have been developed to maintain the quality of service in these varying network conditions i.e. so called adaptive video streaming. In order to cater for users’ Quality of Experience (QoE) requirements, HTTP based adaptive streaming solutions of video services have become popular. However, the keys to ensure the users a good QoE with this technology is still not completely understood. User QoE feedback is therefore instrumental in improving this understanding. Controlled laboratory based perceptual quality experiments that involve a panel of human viewers are considered to be the most valid method of the assessment of QoE. Besides laboratory based subjective experiments, crowdsourcing based subjective assessment of video quality is gaining popularity as an alternative method. This article presents insights into a study that investigates perceptual preferences of various adaptive video streaming scenarios through crowdsourcing based and laboratory based subjective assessment. The major novel contribution of this study is the application of Paired Comparison based subjective assessment in a crowdsourcing environment. The obtained results provide some novel indications, besides confirming the earlier published trends, of perceptual preferences for adaptive scenarios of video streaming. Our study suggests that in a network environment with fluctuations in the bandwidth, a medium or low video bitrate which can be kept constant is the best approach. Moreover, if there are only a few drops in bandwidth, one can choose a medium or high bitrate with a single or few buffering events.

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 6.
    Jerčić, Petar
    et al.
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Fakulteten för datavetenskaper, Institutionen för kreativa teknologier.
    Sennersten, Charlotte
    CSIRO Mineral Resources, AUS.
    Lindley, Craig
    Intelligent Sensing and Systems Laboratory, CSIRO ICT Centre, AUS .
    Modeling cognitive load and physiological arousal through pupil diameter and heart rate2020Ingår i: Multimedia tools and applications, ISSN 1380-7501, E-ISSN 1573-7721, Vol. 79, nr 5-6, s. 3145-3159Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigates individuals’ cognitive load processing abilities while engaged on a decision-making task in serious games, to explore how a substantial cognitive load dominates over the physiological arousal effect on pupil diameter. A serious game was presented to the participants, which displayed the on–line biofeedback based on physiological measurements of arousal. In such dynamic decision-making environment, the pupil diameter was analyzed in relation to the heart rate, to evaluate if the former could be a useful measure of cognitive abilities of individuals. As pupil might reflect both cognitive activity and physiological arousal, the pupillary response will show an arousal effect only when the cognitive demands of the situation are minimal. Evidence shows that in a situation where a substantial level of cognitive activity is required, only that activity will be observable on the pupil diameter, dominating over the physiological arousal effect indicated by the pupillary response. It is suggested that it might be possible to design serious games tailored to the cognitive abilities of an individual player, using the proposed physiological measurements to observe the moment when such dominance occurs. © 2018, The Author(s).

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    fulltext
  • 7.
    Rossholm, Andreas
    et al.
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Fakulteten för teknikvetenskaper, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling.
    Lövström, Benny
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Fakulteten för teknikvetenskaper, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling.
    A robust method for estimating synchronization and delay of audio and video for communication services2016Ingår i: Multimedia tools and applications, ISSN 1380-7501, E-ISSN 1573-7721, Vol. 75, nr 1, s. 527-545Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the main contributions to the quality of experience in streaming services or in two-way communication of audio and video applications is synchronization. This has been shown in several studies and experiments but methods to measure synchronization are less frequent, especially for situations without internal access to the application and independent of platform and device. In this paper we present a method for measuring synchronization skewness as well as delay for audio and video. The solution incorporates audio and video reference streams, where audio and video frames are marked with frame numbers which are decoded on the receiver side to enable calculation of synchronization and delay. The method has been verified in a two-way communication application in a transparent network with and without inserting known delays, as well as in a network with 5 and 10 % packet loss levels. The method can be used for both streaming and two-way communication services, both with and without access to the internal structures, and enables measurements of applications running on e.g. smartphones, tablets, and laptops under various conditions.

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 8. Zinner, T.
    et al.
    Hossfeld, T.
    Fiedler, Markus
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Fakulteten för datavetenskaper, Institutionen för kommunikationssystem.
    Liers, F.
    Volkert, T.
    Kohndoker, R.
    Schatz, R.
    Requirement driven prospects for realizing user-centric network orchestration2015Ingår i: Multimedia tools and applications, ISSN 1380-7501, E-ISSN 1573-7721, Vol. 74, nr 2, s. 413-437Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The Internet's infrastructure shows severe limitations when an optimal end user experience for multimedia applications should be achieved in a resource-efficiently way. In order to realize truly user-centric networking, an information exchange between applications and networks is required. To this end, network-application interfaces need to be deployed that enable a better mediation of application data through the Internet. For smart multimedia applications and services, the application and the network should directly communicate with each other and exchange information in order to ensure an optimal Quality of Experience (QoE). In this article, we follow a use-case driven approach towards user-centric network orchestration. We derive user, application, and network requirements for three complementary use cases: HD live TV streaming, video-on-demand streaming and user authentication with high security and privacy demands, as typically required for payed multimedia services. We provide practical guidelines for achieving an optimal QoE efficiently in the context of these use cases. Based on these results, we demonstrate how to overcome one of the main limitations of today's Internet by introducing the major steps required for user-centric network orchestration. Finally, we show conceptual prospects for realizing these steps by discussing a possible implementation with an inter-network architecture based on functional blocks.

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