Given a set A and an abelian group B with operators in A, in the sense of Krull and Noether, we introduce the Ore group extension B[x;δ_B,σ_B] as the additive group B[x], with A[x] as a set of operators. Here, the action of A[x] on B[x] is defined by mimicking the multiplication used in the classical case where A and B are the same ring. We derive generalizations of Vandermonde's and Leibniz's identities for this construction, and they are then used to establish associativity criteria. Additionally, we prove a version of Hilbert's basis theorem for this structure, under the assumption that the action of A on B is what we call weakly s-unital. Finally, we apply these results to the case where B is a left module over a ring A, and specifically to the case where A and B coincide with a non-associative ring which is left distributive but not necessarily right distributive.

We study path rings, Cohn path rings, and Leavitt path rings associated to directed graphs, with coefficients in an arbitrary ring R. For each of these types of rings, we stipulate conditions on the graph that are necessary and sufficient to ensure that the ring satisfies either the rank condition or the strong rank condition whenever R enjoys the same property. In addition, we apply our result for path rings and the strong rank condition to characterize the graphs that give rise to amenable path algebras and exhaustively amenable path algebras.

Let R be a ring, σ : R → R a ring endomorphism, and δ a σ-derivation. We establish that the Ore extension R[x; σ, δ] satisfies the rank condition if and only if R does. In addition, we prove analogous results for the right and left strong rank conditions. However, in the right case, the "if" part requires the hypothesis that σ is an automorphism, whereas, in the left case, this assumption is needed for the "only if" part. Finally, we provide a new proof of an old result of Susan Montgomery stating that a skew power series ring is directly (respectively, stably) finite if and only if its coefficient ring is directly (respectively, stably) finite.

We present a geometrically oriented classification theory for non-Abelian extensions of groupoids generalizing the classification theory for Abelian extensions of groupoids by Westman as well as the familiar classification theory for non-Abelian extensions of groups by Schreier and Eilenberg-MacLane. As an application of our techniques we demonstrate that each extension of groupoids N→E→G gives rise to a groupoid crossed product of G by the groupoid ring of N which recovers the groupoid ring of E up to isomorphism. Furthermore, we make the somewhat surprising observation that our classification methods naturally transfer to the class of groupoid crossed products, thus providing a classification theory for this class of rings. Our study is motivated by the search for natural examples of groupoid crossed products.

We generalize a classical result by Passman on primeness of unital strongly group graded rings to the class of nearly epsilon-strongly group graded rings which are not necessarily unital. Using this result, we obtain (i) a characterization of prime s-unital strongly group graded rings, and, in particular, of infinite matrix rings and of group rings over s-unital rings, thereby generalizing a well-known result by Connell; (ii) characterizations of prime s-unital partial skew group rings and of prime unital partial crossed products; (iii) a generalization of the well-known characterizations of prime Leavitt path algebras, by Larki and by Abrams-Bell-Rangaswamy. © 2024 The Author(s)

We investigate properties of group gradings on matrix rings (Formula presented.), where R is an associative unital ring and n is a positive integer. More precisely, we introduce very good gradings and show that any very good grading on (Formula presented.) is necessarily epsilon-strong. We also identify a condition that is sufficient to guarantee that (Formula presented.) is an epsilon-crossed product, i.e. isomorphic to a crossed product associated with a unital twisted partial action. In the case where R has IBN, we provide a characterization of when (Formula presented.) is an epsilon-crossed product. Our results are illustrated by several examples. 

A ring 𝑅 has unbounded generating number (UGN) if,for every positive integer 𝑛, there is no 𝑅-module epimorphism 𝑅𝑛 → 𝑅𝑛+1. For a ring 𝑅 = ⨁g∈𝐺 𝑅g gradedby a group 𝐺 such that the base ring 𝑅1 has UGN, weidentify several sets of conditions under which 𝑅 mustalso have UGN. The most important of these are: (1)𝐺 is amenable, and there is a positive integer 𝑟 suchthat, for every g ∈ 𝐺, 𝑅g ≅ (𝑅1)𝑖 as 𝑅1-modules for some𝑖 = 1, … , 𝑟; (2) 𝐺 is supramenable, and there is a positive integer 𝑟 such that, for every g ∈ 𝐺, 𝑅g ≅ (𝑅1)𝑖 as𝑅1-modules for some 𝑖 = 0, … , 𝑟. The pair of conditions(1) leads to three different ring-theoretic characterizations of the property of amenability for groups. We alsoconsider rings that do not have UGN; for such a ring𝑅, the smallest positive integer 𝑛 such that there is an𝑅-module epimorphism 𝑅𝑛 → 𝑅𝑛+1 is called the generating number of 𝑅, denoted gn(𝑅). If 𝑅 has UGN, then wedefine gn(𝑅) ∶= ℵ0. We describe several classes of examples of a ring 𝑅 graded by an amenable group 𝐺 such thatgn(𝑅) ≠ gn(𝑅1).

MSC 2020

16P99, 16S35, 16W50, 20F65, 43A07 (primary), 16D90 (secondary)

In this article, we give a complete characterization of semigroup graded rings which are graded von Neumann regular. We also demonstrate our results by applying them to several classes of examples, including matrix rings and groupoid graded rings. © 2022, The Author(s).

In this paper, we investigate primeness of groupoid graded rings. We provide a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for primeness of a nearly-epsilon strongly groupoid graded ring. Furthermore, we apply our main result to get a characterization of prime partial skew groupoid rings, and in particular of prime groupoid rings, thereby generalizing a classical result by Connell and partially generalizing recent results by Steinberg. © 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Given a partial action α of a groupoid G on a ring R, we study the associated partial skew groupoid ring R ⋊ α G {R\rtimes_{\alpha}G}, which carries a natural G-grading. We show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the G-invariant ideals of R and the graded ideals of the G-graded ring R ⋊ α G {R\rtimes_{\alpha}G}. We provide sufficient conditions for primeness, and necessary and sufficient conditions for simplicity of R ⋊ α G {R\rtimes_{\alpha}G}. We show that every ideal of R ⋊ α G {R\rtimes_{\alpha}G} is graded if and only if α has the residual intersection property. Furthermore, if α is induced by a topological partial action θ, then we prove that minimality of θ is equivalent to G-simplicity of R, topological transitivity of θ is equivalent to G-primeness of R, and topological freeness of θ on every closed invariant subset of the underlying topological space is equivalent to α having the residual intersection property. As an application, we characterize condition (K) for an ultragraph in terms of topological properties of the associated partial action and in terms of algebraic properties of the associated ultragraph algebra. © 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston 2024.