The Influence of Heterogeneous Steering Weights on Flow and Safety in 2D Crowd Simulations
2026 (English) Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 12 credits / 18 HE credits
Student thesis
Abstract [en]
Background. Crowd simulation is widely used in fields such as urban planning, safety engineering, and interactive applications. The Boids algorithm provides a simple yet effective framework for modeling collective motion through local interaction rules. However, standard implementations typically assume homogeneous agent behavior and struggle to capture realistic dynamics in constrained environments such as bottlenecks.
Objectives. This thesis investigates how introducing heterogeneity in the steering weights of the Boids algorithm affects throughput speed and collision frequency in a constrained two-dimensional crowd simulation.
Methods. A Boids-based simulation was implemented in the Unity game engine, incorporating goal-directed movement through a waypoint system. A baseline homogeneous configuration was first established by heuristic tuning. Heterogeneous behavioral profiles (Individualist, Clinger, and Eccentric) were then created by modifying the steering weights. Each configuration was evaluated over N = 20 simulation runs with 500 agents, measuring mean throughput speed and collision frequency.
Results. The results show that heterogeneity produces distinct behavioral patterns rather than random variation. The Individualist profile reduced collision frequency but increased completion time, while the Clinger profile maintained faster throughput speed at the cost of significantly increased collisions. The Eccentric profile introduced instability, resulting in higher variability across runs. Overall, a clear trade-off was observed between throughput speed and collision frequency, with no configuration optimizing both simultaneously.
Conclusions. The study demonstrates that heterogeneous steering behaviors visibly influence crowd dynamics in constrained environments. The findings highlight the importance of accounting for behavioral diversity when modeling crowd systems and provide insight into how simple local rules can be extended to better represent varied crowd movement patterns.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages 2026. , p. 29
Keywords [en]
Boids algorithm, Heterogeneous, Emergent Behavior, Crowd Simulation
National Category
Computer Engineering
Identifiers URN: urn:nbn:se:bth-30090 OAI: oai:DiVA.org:bth-30090 DiVA, id: diva2:2082043
Subject / course DV1583 Degree Project for Bachelor of Science in Engineering (Computer Science)
Educational program DVGHG Bachelor of Science in Engineering: Technical Game Graphics 180 credits
Supervisors
Examiners
2026-07-012026-06-302026-07-01 Bibliographically approved