The literature on diversity has grown rapidly in the last decade. Research from different areas has suggested that diversity is a critical factor in creativity, knowledge generation, innovation, and entrepreneurship at the level of organizations, cities, regions, and whole countries. This chapter introduces the topic of diversity and discusses its role for creativity, knowledge production, innovation, entrepreneurship, and growth in the economy. The discussion of diversity is not meant to be a complete review of the current literature, but rather an overview of some of the main arguments in theoretical as well as empirical literature that puts the chapter contributions in context. Another aim of the introductory chapter is to summarize the individual chapter contributions.