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From the Margins to the Core: Histories of Environmentalism, Sustainability, and Planning, 1970s-2000s
Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Spatial Planning.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3959-6756
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This PhD thesis explores the emergence of European environmental activism practices after 1968 and the subsequent assimilation of the ideas, participants, technologies, aesthetics, and design strategies thereof from the 1970s and in the early years of the new millennium, when the concept of sustainable urban development became normative in planning. Comprising five articles and a cover essay, the thesis is a critical historical analysis of sustainable urban development as a planning discourse, tool, and typology. Papers Ia and Ib frame environmentalism as insurgent planning practices with agency to transform normative planning from the margins. I propose the creation of a counter-archive of environmentalist zines to incorporate the stories and practices of these previously neglected actors, and as a means to reposition and expand the history of sustainable development, which is currently flat, simplified, or incomplete. Papers II and III explore intermediate stages in the assimilation of environmental activism practices through two case studies. Paper II analyses the 1976 exhibition ARARAT (Alternative Research in Architecture, Resources, Art, and Technology), in which alternative technologies and architectures focused on environmental protection were displayed at the Stockholm Museum of Modern Art and at the 37th Venice Biennale. Paper III studies the ecological, bottom-up community Understenshöjden, whose experiments with circular planning were later adopted by the housing company HSB to green their housing stock nationally. The final paper, Paper IV, tells the story of the 2001 international housing exhibition Bo01 in Malmö, which was designed to become a role model for urban sustainability. I explore how the entangled interests of public institutions, research, and manufacturing industries have shaped the now-institutionalized concept of sustainability and reflect on the ethics and design principles that sustainable practices manifest. This PhD study follows the shift of urban planning and capitalist urbanization from causing environmental degradation to becoming key agents for environmental sustainability and highlights the potential of planning history to critically narrate and contest contemporary techno-managerial and growth-oriented approaches to sustainability.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Karlskrona: Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 2025. , p. 106
Keywords [en]
sustainable urban development
National Category
History Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified Architecture
Research subject
Spatial Planning
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:bth-28788ISBN: 978-91-7295-511-0 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:bth-28788DiVA, id: diva2:2007321
Public defence
2025-12-04, 17:10 (English)
Opponent
Available from: 2025-10-21 Created: 2025-10-17 Last updated: 2025-11-10Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. A look to transgressive planning practices: Calling for alternative sources and actors
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A look to transgressive planning practices: Calling for alternative sources and actors
2022 (English)In: European Planning History in the 20th Century: A Continent of Urban Planning / [ed] Max Welch Guerra, Abdellah Abarkan, María A. Castrillo Romón, Martin Pekár, Taylor & Francis, 2022, p. 235-245Chapter in book (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2022
National Category
Human Geography
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:bth-24147 (URN)10.4324/9781003271666-25 (DOI)2-s2.0-85138249881 (Scopus ID)9781000646795 (ISBN)9781032222271 (ISBN)
Note

open access

Available from: 2022-12-30 Created: 2022-12-30 Last updated: 2025-10-17Bibliographically approved
2. Urbanism of zines: the potential of environmentalist zines as sources for planning history
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Urbanism of zines: the potential of environmentalist zines as sources for planning history
2022 (English)In: Planning Perspectives, ISSN 0266-5433, E-ISSN 1466-4518, Vol. 37, no 6, p. 1115-1146Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The explosion of youth revolts in the long 1970s, including the emergence of environmental activism in western Europe, coincided with the democratization of printing technologies, and led to radical transformation in the production and distribution of knowledge. Publishing became cheap and easy due to the appearance of portable versions of formerly costly and heavy printing machinery and a myriad of self-published zines with an environmentalist tone flourished, disseminating a firm rejection to the post-war consensus of consumerism and growth, denouncing the overarching planning organizations, policies, and strategies. Besides criticism, they also present ways of thinking, living, cooperating, and building that follow different rules and values than consumer capitalism. This contribution identifies a gap in European planning history related to the agency of 1970s' environmental activism and explores the potential of environmentalist zines as sources to sustain historical inquiry and help to fill that gap. It proposes conceptualizing zines as 'minor' sources, arguing that the Deleuzian-Guattarian category is a useful concept for reframing previously marginalized voices in planning history. Through the analysis of seven transnationally published zines, the paper demonstrates their validity as sources that document contributions of voices that have been neglected so far.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2022
Keywords
Zines, minor sources, environmentalism, noir planning history, activism, historiography, the long 1970s, transnational approach, pan-European perspective, ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY
National Category
Architecture
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:bth-22623 (URN)10.1080/02665433.2022.2025887 (DOI)000752276300001 ()2-s2.0-85124278000 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 721933
Note

open access

Available from: 2022-02-17 Created: 2022-02-17 Last updated: 2025-10-17Bibliographically approved
3. Environmental ideas coopted: Ararat exhibition, Stockholm, 1976
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Environmental ideas coopted: Ararat exhibition, Stockholm, 1976
2020 (English)In: Architektura a Urbanizmus, ISSN 0044-8680, Vol. 54, no 3-4, p. 181-196Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of History, 2020
National Category
Architecture
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:bth-21300 (URN)2-s2.0-85102516536 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-03-26 Created: 2021-03-26 Last updated: 2025-10-17Bibliographically approved
4. Green housing dream: From welfare equality to deregulation and desire: Understenshöjden, 1989
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Green housing dream: From welfare equality to deregulation and desire: Understenshöjden, 1989
2019 (English)In: La Casa [The House]: Espacios Domésticos, Modos de Habitar [Domestic Spaces and Ways of Dwelling], Madrid: Abada Editores , 2019, p. 1397-1406Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Taking the first ecological urban development built in Stockholm as case study, the comunication exposes how the collapse and transformation on the Swedish welfare state period with its following housing deregulation allowed the appareance of an alternative and emancipative inhabitation model, independent both from the market and the public protection. It is focused first on the production process of the district by analizying the network of actors involved on Understenshöjden cooperative and secondly, it analyzes the produced architectonic object.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Madrid: Abada Editores, 2019
National Category
Architecture
Research subject
Spatial Planning
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:bth-28760 (URN)9788417301248 (ISBN)
Conference
II International Conference. Culture and City. Granada, 23-25 January, 2019
Available from: 2025-10-14 Created: 2025-10-14 Last updated: 2025-11-06Bibliographically approved
5. The City of Tomorrow? The Bo01 Housing Exhibition in Malmö, Sweden (2001), as a Model of Sustainable Urban Development
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The City of Tomorrow? The Bo01 Housing Exhibition in Malmö, Sweden (2001), as a Model of Sustainable Urban Development
2025 (English)In: Architectural Histories, Vol. 13, no 1, p. 1-30Article in journal (Refereed) Accepted
Abstract [en]

The housing exhibition Bo01, also known as the City of Tomorrow, was held in Västra Hamnen in Malmö, Sweden, from May to August 2001. Aiming to be a model for an ecologically sustainable urban development, the exhibition mobilized an unprecedented number of public resources and initiated a series of collaborations between Swedish research and manufacturing industries to design experimental solutions for ‘future’ sustainable dwellings. A completely new district with 800 apartments, a landscape display, and an art exhibition was built for Bo01 within two years. A few days before closing, Bo01 AB, a subsidiary of the City of Malmö, filed for bankruptcy. Drawing on the critical approach to sustainability developed by urban political ecology, this paper examines the housing exhibition itself, the ethics suggested by techno-managerial sustainability practices, and the shift towards municipal entrepreneurialism in the late 1990s.

Keywords
sustainable urban development; bankruptcy; informational economy; big event; green technology
National Category
Architecture Technology and Environmental History
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:bth-28787 (URN)10.16995/ah.11566 (DOI)
Available from: 2025-10-17 Created: 2025-10-17 Last updated: 2025-10-27Bibliographically approved

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