Background

This study focuses on investigating beamforming in wireless communication systems using Channel State Information Reference Signals (CSI-RS) power and various precoding configurations. The validity of the analytical framework is established by simulating CSI-RS plots using different Weighted Power Allocation (Wp2a) matrices corresponding to recorded precoding configurations.

Objectives

The main objective is to study the beamforming in MIMO systems, use different precoding techniques to implement beamforming, simulate a similar system for beamforming for analysis, and validate the beamforming system. The study also evaluates the impact of tools, such as incorrect precoding matrices and antenna weight aggregation post-phase shifting, on the beamforming process.

Methods

The CSI-RS for different precoding configurations will be measured and simulated in different directions. Other simulation methods such as steering weights and radiation patterns will also be simulated to validate the beamforming system and analyze the impact of the tools used for beamforming.

Results

Distinct precoding configurations, particularly the 8-port (4,1) configuration, exhibit stability in both measured and simulated outcomes, enabling the detection of errors and faults through distinctive directional patterns. Discrepancies between measured and simulated power distribution for diverse configurations highlight factors like irregular phase shifts and external interference.

Conclusions

The measurements reveal power variations across distinct configurations and directions, while the simulated outcomes present consistent patterns in specific directions across various configurations. This divergence could arise from factors like irregular phase adjustments and interference originating from alternate directions. The beamforming process can be influenced by factors such as employing an incorrect decoding matrix, applying diverse phase shifts to individual antennas, and consolidating antenna weights from multiple ports post-phase manipulation.