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Stationary charging, electric road charging or battery swapping? A multi-day truck trip cost model
Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Sweden.
Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Economics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0493-7450
Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Economics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9787-7620
2025 (English)In: Research in Transportation Business and Management (RTBM), ISSN 2210-5395, E-ISSN 2210-5409, Vol. 62, p. 1-15, article id 101431Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study developed a multi-day electric truck trip cost model to analyse cost-minimising carrier use of stationary charging, battery swapping and catenary electric roads in the EU TEN-T road network setting. Each of these three charging options has its own advantages for carriers, thus motivating the analysis. The multi-day truck segment accounts for almost one-fifth of all truck tonne kilometres within the EU, making it important to consider in the quest to decarbonise this sector. Nevertheless, this segment has until now been sparsely analysed in the literature on truck electrification. Based on the scenario analysis, the carrier truck trip costs in the current state (year 2024) and future state (year 2035) was analysed. The current state analysis revealed that catenary electric roads are a cost-minimising option to carriers, whereas future state analysis revealed that catenary electric roads and swapping can perform on par while being cost-advantageous vis-à-vis stationary charging. The sensitivity of these findings to battery parameters, electric road user charges, swapping fee levels and charging alliances was reported. The implications of the findings for carriers, vehicle producers and policymakers were discussed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2025. Vol. 62, p. 1-15, article id 101431
Keywords [en]
Truck electrification, Battery swapping, Electric road, Stationary charging, Carriers, Road freight, cost
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics Energy Systems
Research subject
Industrial Economics a nd Managemen
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:bth-28153DOI: 10.1016/j.rtbm.2025.101431ISI: 001514333200002Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105008334257OAI: oai:DiVA.org:bth-28153DiVA, id: diva2:1973070
Available from: 2025-06-19 Created: 2025-06-19 Last updated: 2025-09-30Bibliographically approved

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Numminen, EmilSällberg, Henrik

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