Background: Hybrid and remote work are not more a trend but a reality that needs to be better understood by the organizations. A deep understanding of how remote work and leadership coexists is needed. 

Purpose: To investigate which leadership type results in higher employee commitment in hybrid working and which management strategy increases efficiency in remote working 

Method: Mixed (quantitative and qualitative) 

Results and analysis: Transactional leadership is perceived as the most effective leadership type by the employees to have higher affective and normative commitment in hybrid working environments. On the other hand, managers tend to adapt laissez-faire leadership to overcome the challenges of remote working conditions. The findings are contradictory with the majority of previous research, which advocates transformational leadership as the most efficient leadership type for hybrid working environments. Other factors (education level, company size, experience) and their interactions are also significant factors which impact employee commitment in hybrid work environments. 

Conclusions: Employees and managers who participated in this study have different perspectives on which leadership type is the most efficient to have higher employee commitment for hybrid working. 

Recommendations for future research: Further research is recommended with more participants from different countries and more factors influencing employee commitment can be explored.