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Hybrid Space and Submarine Architecture to Ensure Information Security of Telecommunications (HEIST)
Cornell University, United States.
Cornell University, United States.
Cornell University, United States.
Cornell University, United States.
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2025 (English)In: IEEE Access, E-ISSN 2169-3536, Vol. 13, p. 193765-193785Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Undersea communication cables (UCCs) are critical for global connectivity but remain vulnerable to physical and cyber threats. This paper presents insights from the NATO Science for Peace and Security Project: Hybrid Space and Submarine Architecture to Ensure Information Security of Telecommunications (HEIST), a system designed to enhance the redundancy and resilience of UCCs. The proposed architecture aims to efficiently reroute data from submarine cables to satellite networks upon detection of threats via enhanced subsea sensing and monitoring. We discuss the components, including secure communication links, real-time situational awareness, and smart contracting for automated routing of compromised UCC communications. We demonstrate the operational capabilities of HEIST in mitigating disruptions through a simulation environment. The architecture indicates improved robustness to accidental or malicious attacks against submarine cables, reinforcing the strategic importance of hybrid multi-domain networks for resilient telecommunications. As such, the HEIST provides a blueprint for a future robust and resilient backbone for the internet. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2025. Vol. 13, p. 193765-193785
Keywords [en]
Communication Networks, Non Terrestrial Networks, Satellite Communications, Situational Awareness, Systems Engineering, Undersea Cables, Architecture, Computer architecture, Network architecture, Network security, Secure communication, Submarine cables, Submarines, Communications networks, Cyber threats, Global connectivity, Non terrestrial network, Submarine-cables, Terrestrial networks, Undersea cable, Undersea communications, Satellite communication systems
National Category
Communication Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:bth-28944DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3631359ISI: 001619064400017Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105021976714OAI: oai:DiVA.org:bth-28944DiVA, id: diva2:2017268
Note

This work was supported by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Science for Peace and Security (SPS) Programme.

Available from: 2025-11-28 Created: 2025-11-28 Last updated: 2026-01-05Bibliographically approved

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Frånberg, OskarKindgren, JonasJohnson, Henric

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